Business topic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business topic - Assignment ExampleThe assignment entrust discuss about these elements that can help the impertinently developed bookshop to develop effective core competencies. The general Environment The impertinently developed bookshop should try to consider the importance of each and all(prenominal) element of general environment in order to achieve significant business output. Economic Conditions It is true that Australian economic environment is becoming exceedingly challenging due to recent financial crisis and global economic recession. Therefore, it is quite difficult for the hot organization to achieve significant business growth compute from the initial point of time. The organization should try to focus on noble business performance by ensuring effective intellectual capital. Employees are considered as the strongest assets for an organization. The new developed book shop should try to maintain effective relationship with the skilled and effective employees as t he retention of experienced and skilled employees is the major continue for each and every organization. High performance and skill level of an employee enhance effective business performance. Employees generally represent the organizations intellectual capital. Retention and recruitment of new employees leave behind help the organization to maintain effective relationship with the government and several stakeholders. The economic slowdown affected the economic environment of Australia (Damanpour, 1991, p.11). It is true that high unemployment rate, limited purchasing power and low disposable income of people are the major consequences of economic slowdown. Therefore, the organizations recruitment and retention policy will help to overcome the economic challenges like high unemployment rate. In addition to this, the organization should try to provide products in economic price level. Customers are considered as the real king for the business organization. They can switch over othe r brand or shop if the current organization fails to satisfy their basic needs. During this, economic slowdown it is important for the organization to reduce several business operation cost and implement competitive pricing strategy without compromising with the quality of the books. It will help the organization to gain significant advantages. Socio-cultural Conditions The knowledge of employees can be regarded as the important asset for the employers. Securing intellectual capital will help the newly developed bookshop to maintain effective relationship with the customers. It is important for the bookshop to maintain strong ethics in the business processes to avoid the possibilities of workplace conflicts. belong but not the least it is important for the organization to ensure effective leadership and managerial skills to manage a diverse multicultural workforce. In field of any difficulty the managers of the organization should try to implement change management process to dev elop strategies according to the current market demand. It is highly important for the newly developed bookshop to develop a strong management foundation to maintain effective workplace environment (Rodiek, 2008, p.29). It is discussed earlier that

Social media and its usage for marketing and advertisements Research Paper

Social media and its usage for marketing and advertisements - Research Paper ExampleThis research will contract with the statement that in this information technology-based era every business is trying to enhance its services and products over its competitors. In this case, online support is considered to be a life-or-death incidentor in any advertising policy and arrangement. Additionally, companies and industries initiated promotion and publicity operations focused on people with the help of written sources and audio/ icon channels. However, this policy is expensive and its efficacy is hard to determine. On the other hand, it is generally not obvious that how broadcast marketing will play a major role in the latest information financial condition that allows for exceptionally cooperative and focused interactions. Thus, in this customer-oriented financial system, companies are trying to discover spare money-making methods to promote their business services and products-line, ac cess existing clients, and make new users/clients across the business boundaries. Business people sometimes talk about the dedicate on Investment (ROI) in Social Net resolveing. In fact, it sounds great, but what does it mean to the business people? How does it actually help them grow their business? The simple resoluteness to these questions is that businesses could be successful through Social Networking. However, normally, accessible networking is a process that helps organizations establish the relationship and then continue and maintain them by means of universal practices such as telephone, e-mail, and face-to-face confluences.... Thus, if a company builds identity on the social networking site, it will allow drawing people who share their viewpoints and want to work with you (Tubb, 2011). At the present, the social networking websites have become a family name. Despite the fact that, it is someones confidential or professional life, they are in fact wonderful process for communicating with friends, colleagues, and making new relationships online (Sedycias, 2009). Since, a social networking web site is a web site where people are equal to develop an online profile and they mention their interests in profile, as well as they can insert links to other profiles. Typically, the users of social networking sites are able to give personal information, encompassing photographs, blog entries and videos. MySpace is an example of social networks, which is very popular in the same way with individuals and with music groups, who are able to market their ecstasy dates, and transfer their songs on their profile pages (Hawkins, 2009). A social networking site is a very helpful and functional way to keep in contact with a large number of people (friends, colleagues, relatives, etc). Since, if someone has some news which he/she needs or wishes to distribute to others, then he/she can insert it on his/her personal bulletin board and it will be transferred or distrib uted to the people to whom he wants to share. Thus, the social networking sites can play a significant function for meeting with new people, whether on a business or friendship (Hawkins, 2009). Phillips & Phillips (1998) define the social network as a set of organizations, businesses, individuals, or other social entities

Effect of Oil Price on Kuwait Stock Market Index Dissertation

Effect of Oil Price on Kuwait Stock Market Index - Dissertation ExampleIn any ground, the fact of presence or absence seizure of embrocate allow for always have an effect on the lives of the quite a little because there are different values that people cannot overlook in the establishing of an economy of the country. Oil in many countries in the world is the idea behind industrialization and development of transport systems, which are primal aspects of life of the lives of the people. For this reason, oil in any economy has a crucial role because it influences the productivity of the different companies and organisations greatly, either in direct or validatory ways. This essentially means that every country in the world depends on oil as a source of energy to that enhances their production and growth in different perspectives because its prices affects the amount of products a company can have. The analysis of the importance of change in oil prices on the contain market of an y country is possible because stock markets depend on the industrialisation and various(a) factors that influence the people. The query willing focus on the Kuwait Stock Market Indices and it will seek to establish the relationships that exist between the two factors of the economy (Arouri, Jawadi, and Nguyen, 137). Kuwait as a producer of oil, industries in the country have ease of admission charge of the product because it is availed to them through other refinery companies that operate within the country. However, the issue comes in when prices rise or fall because it influences the home and foreign companies.... In this research, there will be two hypotheses null hypothesis, which will be that Kuwait stock market index, is not affected by change in oil prices and the replace hypothesis will be that the Kuwait Stock market index is heavily affected by change in oil prices. The Scope of the research The research will be restricted to Kuwait stock market index but to enable a comparison, the research will review the writings of the some previous researches in other oil producing countries stock markets indices. The research will rely on that information from different research to come up with an objective view of the idea of the influence of oil prices on the Kuwait Stock Market. Research Objective To establish the relationship between the trend of oil prices and those of Kuwait stock market indices Significance of Study The research will be used to inform the factors that cause change in indices in the stock market and will be used to make recommendations on the various things that the government can implement so that they can prevent losses in the stock market. The findings of this research will be important to the investors who would like to invest or who have invested in the Kuwait Stock Markets because it will give them a means to predict the indices at different times of the year. The research will be important to different banking institutions be cause they will be able to understand the various effects of rending money to their customers so that they can ensure ease of repayments. Literature Review In any country, the fact of presence or absence of oil will always have an effect on the lives of the people because there are

PostQuick Computing project Essay Example for Free

PostQuick Computing consider EssayI designed my job on visual basics 6. 0, and the put on I found in Visual Basics as compared to other software was that Visual Basics is user friendly. Anyone can use it by clicking legitimate just nowtons, and on the other hand other software packages such as Microsoft Access and Microsoft Excel require a bit of knowledge before employ them. To make my own confuse using visual basics, I first designed my form on the paper, which gave me a rough idea about how my project form would look like. This is also attached with my documentation. I designed my project by prototyping, and made my form using these things A set of screen that shows the user what might be possible A system with limited functionality An existing system that might be modified For my human-computer interface (HCI), I used lifelike user Interface (GUI) which is used in Microsoft windows . My form had certain buttons which could be used by clicking the mouse and nigh tex t nookes in which entropy was entered using keyboard.I think that the advantage of this type of interface is this that It is easy to use In my form no one needs special instruction The discriminate of GUI is It uses a lot of processing power It requires good graphical display It uses a lot of processing power It uses a lot of fund and disk space 3. Method of Data Entry, including Validation As said before that my form had certain buttons and these buttons could be used by clicking the mouse and some text boxes in which data was entered using keyboard.I declared each data type with certain specific data type, and checked that if I entered revile data type then it would not work. The method of data door is also shown in implementation. The program contains three forms. The main form, which is named input form, is the start-up form. This is the data entry form for all the data, which is entered for a particular assignment. The method of entering data is as follows. Consignment N o These are self-generated. Numbers, its enabled property is false. User has no authorization on entering its data.Customer Name destination and client address will be entered in respective columns. Afterwards the information of the first nerve pathway of the consignment will be filled (i. e. the whole form will be filled). If there are more then one parcel needful to be entered for the same consignment then add new parcel button is pressed for the parcel, and after each parcel entry of the consignment data entry complete button will be pressed For a separate consignmentnew consignment button is required to be pressed.It was part of validation of the project that, the minimum tilt of the parcel should not be slight then 1 kg. If it does then the subject matter box would await saying that too less weight in the parcel. Second validation was that the weight of the parcels should not exceed 30 kg, if it does then the message box would appear saying, too much weight of the parcel The third Validation was that the maximum dimension of the parcel i. e. (length + breadth + height) must not exceed 3 m, if it does then the message box would appear saying too big Parcel to send.The fourth validation was that the maximum weight of consignment must not exceed 200 kg, if it does then the message box would appear saying too much weight of the consignment 4. Record structure, file organisation and processing- The file for the database of the consignments for the Parcel Company is protect as a record structure and saved only for the consignments for one day. It includes the data and information required for the parcels in consignments. It is a record file so it cannot be changed, but the database is changed everyday because each day different consignments are sent to the Parcel Company.The database is connect with Visual basics form, and the file of database is stored as a Microsoft access file. For the backup the file is saved in the floppy so if the actual program in the processor is altered, we can bring back the obsolescent one. There are four files that I used for my project one was the form file, named as input parcel, and two forms were for the price list, the Access file linked to database, named as, payslip database which has two databases linked to each other.The actual processing carried out by the program is arithmetic operation, in other words calculation is being carried out, but the bigger companies can use CLOCK SYSTEM, which would be more economical for them. 5. Security and integration of Data Security is the most important thing, because if your data is not secured properly from unauthorised hands then anyone could change your data and could change your project I therefore kept the project under a intelligence So no one could change or alter my project.If someone did change my database then I could use my backup to restore it from the floppy in which Ive kept the backup file so if the actual program in the processor is alte red, we can bring back the old one. I also protected my data, by using the menu button in the visual basics. If you go to the text box, u click on it and then click text box protect enable force and in this way I can protect my text. I also made sure that when data is entered it is entered accurately and I checked that when I was entering data, no one enters anything. 6. System design-For documenting my project I used System flow charts-It describes the flow of data nearly the system. This method uses rectangle to denote some process that progress tos place, as descriptive symbols to describe the storage or input/output of data. An arrow describes the direction of flow of the data. building diagrams-These are a mean of showing the design of a program or a systemic consists of charts showing the system or programs broken big money into number of levels. * Hierarchy charts-these can be used to show menu hierarchy or a directory hierarchyData model- A data model represents the rela tionship between different parts of a database. It consists of entities (data items) and relationship. The entities are shown as rectangles and the relationship are drawn as lines that connect entities. System coalesce Chart (describing the flow of data around the system) Parcelquick Company Aqsa Bano Raja 12 s Postquick Structure Diagram The hierarchy Hierarchy diagram 7. Implementation The project that I have made for PostQuick Company can be implemented either as a whole or in parts.The problem possibly that an organisation cannot change instantly to a new method of working as existing records will have to be entered into computer and this may take some time. There are two main approaches to this Implement the system department by department Dual run the new system aboard the old system The two databases below are linked to Visual basics6. 0 forms 8. Testing Length,width,height,weight Test Results Right/wrong.

Business Proposal Final for Thomas Money Service Essay Example for Free

Business Proposal Final for doubting doubting doubting Thomas specie suffice EssayThe current financial status of Thomas money help Inc. inevitably attention to help improve its existing goods and services to overcome the challenges faced by the economy downturn. This proposition will address those issues effecting the profitability of Thomas Money Service Inc. and strategize affective ways to overcome those obstacles to return to profitability. Thomas Money Service Inc. (TMS) has been in business since 1940 (University of Phoenix, 2012). The confederation started out granting small loans for consumer needs and evolved into offering business loans, business acquisition financing, and technical real estate loans, (University of Phoenix, 2012). TMS expanded into equipment financing in 1946 under the subsidiary of Future Growth Inc. (FGI), (University of Phoenix, 2012). The stake in turn became very lucrative for TMS because of a huge demand in construction and forestry eq uipment after World War II (University of Phoenix, 2012). In 1951, FGI purchased an equipment manufacturing community build, selling, and financing their own building and forestry equipment and discontinued financing other equipment (University of Phoenix, 2012).For over 67 years it has been profitable and has stated in previous economic downturns that the company never had to lay off any of its workers, (University of Phoenix, 2012). However, in the current recession and after several natural disasters affecting forestry states, FGI profits declined last year by 30%. Home sales also declined, constructions slowed and caused FGI to repossess equipment and sell it at a discounted price. With the changing economic environment and profit loss Thomas Money function Inc. has requested recommendations to help increase its revenue, determine its profit maximizing quantity, increase product differentiation, increase barriers to entry, and minimize cost of production. Market Structure an d ginger snap of DemandThomas Money Services Inc. operates in a monopolistic competition by offering products and services that can be differentiated and is very competitive with other sellers offering similar products for consumption. By creating an environment in which consumers looking to purchase equipment could receive financing and goods in a one renounce shop has positioned TMS as leader in the market share in the construction industry prior to the recession. Because there are similar products available for consumers to view as instead of FGIs equipment, it has to differentiate its product and services as the best to have by nonpricing competition.The price elasticity of demand for Thomas Money Services Inc. from its original price of $1990.1 to its new price of $1732.0 shows the responsiveness of consumer to the quantity demanded of goods and services at its new demand of 182 million units from it its original demand of 123 million units shows that the PEoD is 3.70 result ing in TMS being very elastic. Although Thomas Money Services Inc. has non been a price taker but a price maker distinguishing it has a one hitch shop for consumers construction equipment. The market has changed resulting in consumer finding alternatives to TMS goods and services decreasing revenue over the last year. There are many municipal and international companies manufacturing construction and forestry equipment (University of Phoenix, 2012). Because TMS offers elastic goods and services it has to continue to monitor the market to understand the demand. RecommendationIncrease RevenueIncreasing revenue is the objective for Thomas Money Services Inc. regardless of how the economy is doing. Because the market has declined in home sales, individual construction, and forestry equipment TMS should focus its marketing on hospital and nursing homes. According to University of Phoenix, not all sectors have been affected by the economic downturn hospital and nursing homes still have a high demand for new building (2012). These sectors are potential areas to increase revenue for TMS. Another area is in the price of equipment. To continue success in the marketplace the elasticity of demand plays a vital role. Currently, FGI has repossessed equipment and selling each unit at $1,732. From the demand chart below it will acquire revenue in the amount of $315,224 for the sale of 182 units. If FGI were to slump the price to $1,634.3 per unit from the demand chartbelow the demand will increase to 350 units sold, resulting in $572,005 in revenue. This will increase revenue by $256,781 resulting in more than profit to invest back into the company. Over the past years the data for demand is in millions.Table 1Price Demand1,990.1 1231,732.0 1821,634.3 3501,252.0 380732.1 four hundred622.3 456Profit-Maximizing QuantityThe monopolistic competitor maximizes profit by producing the output at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost (McConnell, Brue, Flynn, 2009). Margina l cost is the additive cost it would take to produce another unit of good or service. Marginal revenue is the additional revenue acquired from selling the additional unit. To reach profit-maximizing quantity Thomas Money Services will need to continue to increase output until its marginal revenue equals its marginal cost. Because TMS has been in business for more than 60 plus years it is currently operating in a long run curve where it earns a normal profit. Barriers to EntryUnfortunately, because Thomas Money Service Inc. operates in monopolistic competition there is relatively easy entry and exit into the market. When demand is high for construction and forestry equipment there will be surge of newer firms to enter the market because capital requirements are low. However, during this economic downturn many newer firms will exit because they will be unable to differentiate themselves from the longstanding branding and reputation that Thomas Money Services Inc. has had in the mark et. By making it more difficult to imitate TMS goods and service will result in an increase barrier to entry for newer competitors. ProductDifferentiationIn recent years, Thomas Money Service Inc. has decreased it advertisement revenue to having a commercial in the Super Bowl and a few other sporting events (University of Phoenix, 2012). In order to increase its product differentiation it will need to increase advertisement revenue to tell consumers of product differences, thus increase product branding and consumer loyalty. Since TMS operates in a monopolistic competition it has to advertise heavily to inform consumers of the benefits of its goods and services, especially in nursing home and construction magazines. When consumers prefer a specific product then within limits they will pay more to remunerate their preferences, thus making the product more inelastic to changes in the price in the long run (McConnell et al., 2009). Minimize Cost of ProductionWhile stiff costs have s tay constant for various outputs of production for Thomas Money Services Inc. there are still ways to minimize cost. instalment proper equipment for processing and manufacturing the equipment and staying aware of the latest technology will help in cutting cost. By TMS shopping around for the best bargain in raw material and continually monitor variable cost to not exceed output of production. Combine project to offset prices for material for future projects completionIn conclusion, Thomas Money Service Inc. is a sound company that needs to adjust its strategy during this global recession to improve profits. This business proposal has addressed some of those issues to help increase its revenue, maximize profits, minimize cost, and differentiate it from its competitors. These recommendations are only few ways to overcome the challenges faced by TMS. Thomas Money Services Inc. will need to continue to monitor the market and their effectiveness to adjust to the ever changing-market.Re ferencesMcConnell, C. R., Brue, S. L., Flynn, S. M. (2009). Economics Principles, problems, and policies (18th ed.). Boston, MA McGraw-Hill Irwin.University of Phoenix. (2012). Thomas Money Service Inc. Scenario Multimedia. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, ECO/561 website.

Johnson & Johnson Essay Example for Free

Johnson Johnson EssayThe situation of Johnson and Johnson ethics came ab issue in October 1982, Tylenol, a leading pain slayer in medicine in the United States of America. At that particular judgment of conviction the company faced a tremendous crisis of seven persons reported dead in Chicago after taking the extra strength Tylenol capsules. After wards it was reported that the an unknown person suspects put 65 milligram strength of hurtful cyanide into the Tylenol capsules, 10000 more than that what is required to kill a human being. It was the most important issue of this case. (Wolnik, 1984).This particular situation occurred at the time the product reached the shelves. The medicines are removed from the shelves infected with deadly strength cyanide and exactly kept in the same shelves, so that no one tin brush aside able to understand. The whole thing went wrong from there itself . It badly affected the company because Tylenol controlled 37% of its share with revenue o f about $1. 2 million. without delay after this cyanide poisonings Tylenol market place share went down to seven percent.(Fearn-Banks, 2007) The three honorable important issues that the company has taken is that of (a) had to make a termination to create an awareness by public announcement about the consumption of the product. also the Johnson and Johnson company was faced with the dilemma of the best way to pass on with the problem without destroying the reputation of the company and its most profitable product.The very important decision was taken by the company is that they a step of protecting the people first, and (B) second, McNeil consumer products, as subsidiary of Johnson and Johnson outright conducted a product rec only from the entire country which amounted to about a loss of $100 million dollars and 31 million bottles .Also they have halted every the advertisement of the product. But it was sure that the Johnson and Johnson company was not responsible for the ta mpering of the product they assumed responsibility by ensuring public sanctuary first and recalled all of their capsules from the market. (c) In fact, in February of 1986, when a woman was reported dead from cyanide poisoning in Tylenol capsules, Johnson Johnson permanently removed all of the capsules from the market.Based on the ethical (fair) issues, what are the principal realistic (sensible) options purchasable to the decision makers? The principal realistic options available to the decision makers is to re- introduce the product into the market by applying the ideas that are listed below, First, the product was removed from the market and the Johnson and Johnson company had to come up with a campaign to re introduce the product and bring impale the confidence back to the consumers and as well as to the doctors.Second, Tylenol products were re-introduced containing a triple-seal tamper resistant packaging. It became the first company to comply with the Food and Drug regime mandate of tamper-resistant packaging. Furthermore, they promoted caplets, which are more resistant to tampering. Third, In order to motivate consumers to buy the product, they offered a $2. 50 off coupon on the purchase of their product. They were available in the newspapers as well as by calling a toll-free number.Fourth, to recover loss stock from the crisis, Johnson Johnson made a new determine program that gave consumers up to 25% off the purchase of the product. (Mitchell 1989). Fifth, Over 2250 sales people made presentations for the medical community to restore confidence on the product. (Fearn-Banks, 2007) finally the considered judgment that has taken by the Tylenol Company is the best because it has the reason Tylenol reacted so quickly and in such a positive mien to the crisis stems from the companys mission statement.On the companys credo written in the mid-1940s by Robert Wood Johnson, he stated that the companys responsibilities were to the consumers and medical p rofessionals using its products, employees, the communities where its people work and live, and its stockholders. Therefore, it was essential to prolong the safety of its publics to maintain the company alive. Johnson Johnsons responsibility to its publics first proved to be its most efficient public relations tool. It was the key to the brands survival.(Wolnik, 1984) In my opinion the ethical priorities and the right commitments of the organization are discussed below 1. A system has to prepare that will allow to respond to the emergency- Although emergencies are unexpected by nature, and one can make a list of the predicted problems and implement a plan to possibly deal with them. For example, a good idea is to hold a brainstorming posing with influential members of the organization to identify events that might bring unfavorable publicity. 2.A policy has to develop by each company that they should have a readiness of policies or guidelines to deal with emergencies. When asked by the media what the companys policies are about a certain situation, your spokesperson should be able to answer firmly. This assures the public that the companys employees are reliable and knowledgeable. 3. It is ceaselessly necessary to create a crisis management team that will assign certain individuals to be fully knowledgeable about the companys policies and who are efficient in problem solving to deal with emergencies.The right commitment will be to appoint a team leader, a spokesperson to deal with the media, team members to deal with the victims and emergency officials, and others to guide the staff and volunteers. 4. To assemble and to organize resources one should make sure to have up-to-date information to be able to react immediately without having to do extensive research. The resources include lists of contacts for team members, volunteers, staff, as well as emergency officials such as police, hospitals and the fire department. (Baum, 1996) 5.TO analyze the situatio n and gather all the facts the safety and the security have been restored, to gather the information of the incident and begin thinking of a solution to the problem. It is not necessary to blow the problem out of proportion before gathering all the facts. 6. It is required to assign the team member to personally and kindly contact the families of those involved to inform them about the situation. 7. reveal with the media The only way for your affected publics to be informed is by watching or listening to the media.Therefore, it is your duty to inform the media outlets as soon as realizable about the situation. The above few points according to me are the right choice to boost the right commitment of the organization. References Baum, Neil Zablocki, Elaine 1996Take Charge of Your Medical Practice in the first place Someone Else Does it for You Jones Bartlett Fearn-Banks, Kathleen 2007 Crisis Communications A Casebook Approach Routledge Wolnik KA, Fricke FL, Bonnin E, Gaston CM , Satzger RD. 1984. The Tylenol tampering incidenttracing the source. Anal Chem 56466A-8A, 470A, 474A.

Compensation techniques for 50 Gbps Duobinary System

Compensation techniques for 50 Gbps Duobinary SystemPre, venture and Mix Compensation techniques for 50 Gbps Duobinary SystemRupinder Kaur, Sanjeev DewraAbstractIn this paper, the performance of duobinary establishment is analyzed by using different dispersion compensation techniques. The dispersion compensation techniques tested are Pre Compensation, Post Compensation and Mix Compensation. These techniques are utilize to duobinary system, which ope regularizes at a bit rate of 50 Gbps. It is found that for 50 Gbps system, Mix Compensation technique shows better performance matrices like quality mover (i.e. 7.54 at 25 km)and bit error rate (i.e. 7.52e-15 at 25 km) as compared to other techniques.Keywords Mach-Zender Intensity Modulator (MZIM), Single Mode Fiber (SMF), Q-factor, Bit fallacy Rate (BER), Low Pass Filter (LPF)IntroductionFor high data rates, research in optical communicatings is being constantly driven by requirements. At a minimum bandwidth cost, Fiber Optics has reorganized the data communication technology by examining the limits of high speed network accessibility for the end users 1. In high speed optical communication system duobinary intonation is a valuable solution that provides the better spectral strength and minimizes the performance degradation callable to the nonlinear effects and dispersion 24. Due to the promptly growing capacity requirements for long outmatch transmission, fiber optic communications are advancing into higher bit rate enabled 5. To increase the capacity of system and to reduce the performance degradation caused by transmission impairments, systematic investigation is essential 6. Duobinary formats are cognise for their high tolerance to residual chromatic dispersion and low spectral occupancy 7. These features make them very attractive for both high spectral efficiency and high data rate. For high speed systems, Duobinary signaling has become an essential transmission format as the broadband networks an d the bandwidth requirement has increased. By selecting suitable nervous impulse shaping, the selection of optical modulation format has become an essential standard in any high speed link design. This optical signal pre-distortion establish pulse shaping increases the dispersion tolerance related performances considerably 8, 9.In long distance transmission systems, Fiber chromatic dispersion is one of the approximately severe limiting factor. If the fiber transmission length exceeds several tens of kilometers, dispersion effect can cause intolerable amounts of distortions that ultimately lead to errors. Therefore it is needful to use dispersion compensation devices such as dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) 10, 11 to overcome dispersion effect and consequently decrease the nonlinear distortion. In this tuition, we throw three DCF compensation dodging, pre-compensation and post-compensation scheme. Simulation studies show that mix compensation scheme is the best. It can great ly reduce the influences of the fiber nonlinearity and increase the transmission distance greatlySystem SetupDuobinary Transmitter is designed with laser diodes, filters, modulators and all components which are essential to build an optical network. This simulation is carried out to observe the comparative study with various compensation techniques in the presence of chromatic dispersion. Duobinary signal is launched over DCF SMF spans of 5 km and 25 km each for post, pre and symmetric compensation schemes. Duobinary modulation is compassd by driving an external Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator. MZIM has three stimulants, one for laser diode and other for data from the channels. It converts the electrical signal into optical signal. On the murderer side the output of the Lorentzian optical filter a photodiode converts the optical signal into an electrical signal an electrical low pass Bessel filter follows the PIN photodiode. This has a cut-off frequency 193.41449 THz. Finally at the output of the low pass filter visualization tool called Scope, BER estimation Q meter. It is an optical or electrical oscilloscope with numerous data processing options, eye display and BER estimation features. The system setup of 50 Gbps duobinary transmission with pre, post and symmetric compensation techniques is as shown in turn below.Fig. 1 Duobinary system with Post Compensation techniqueFig. 2 Duobinary system with Pre Compensation techniqueFig. 3 Duobinary system with Mix Compensation techniquePre-compensation scheme achieve dispersion compensation by place the DCF before a certain conventional single-mode fiber, or after the optical transmitter. Post -compensation scheme achieve dispersion compensation by place the DCF after a certain conventional single-mode fiber, or before the optical transmitter. Mix compensation scheme is inhabit of post-compensation and pre-compensationResult and DiscussionTo evaluate the performance of 50 Gbps duobinary system several measurem ents for Pre, Post and Symmetric compensation techniques were taken. The quality factor versus transmission distance is as shown in Fig.4. The graph shows that the performance of pre, post and mix compensation is compared by varying the distance from 5 to 30 km.Fig.4 Quality cistron vs Transmission distanceFig.4 depicts quality factor versus transmission distance graph. It is observed that by increasing the transmission distance from 5 to 30 km, Quality factor is decreasing. The variation in Q factor is 22.26 to 5.67 for mix compensation, 19.47 to 4.84 for post compensation and 14.04 to 4.69 for pre compensation. It is observed that maximum quality factor is shown from mix compensation technique i.e. 7.54 (at 25 km transmission distance) as compared to post and pre compensation techniques which is 6.33 and 6.12 respectively.Fig.5 Bit error rate vs Transmission distanceFig. 5 shows the transmission distance vs bit error rate graph. The variation in BER from different compensation te chniques is 4.05e-72 to 8.20e-8 for mix compensation, 4.61e-58 to 6.57e-7 for post compensation and 4.50e-45 to 4.48e-5 for pre compensation. This simulation result shows that at 25 km transmission distance, the minimum bit error rate value is obtained by mix compensation technique which is 7.52e-15 whereas the bit error rate value for post and pre compensation technique is 3.04e-13 and 1.75e-10 respectively.Fig. 6 Quality Factor vs Input PowerFig. 6 display the influence of signal arousal power on the performance of duobinary system. From the graph, we can find that as the signal input power increases, quality factor increases upto certain limit, after which it starts falling. This can be understood from the fact that for low powers, the performance of system improves with the increase in input power. However, at higher powers, the wavelengths tend to overlap each other causing more dominance of non-linear effects and thus reduce the quality factor. From the graph it in addition concluded that the quality factor of mix compensation is greater than the other two kind of compensation techniques.ConclusionIn this paper, we investigate the behavior of Pre, Post and Mix compensation techniques on the basis of quality factor and bit error rate at 50 Gbps system and conclude which compensation technique perform better. From the comparative performance analysis for different compensation techniques, it is found that mix compensation is better than pre and post compensation techniques for long haul communication system. It may also be concluded that for lower laser input power, quality factor is better for all compensation techniques.ReferencesX. Zheng, F. Liu, and P. Jeppesen, Receiver optimization for 40-Gb/s optical duobinary signal, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol.13, pp.744746, July 2001.Yogesh Chabra, R.S.Kaler,comparison of various compensation techniques at high bit rates using CSRZ formats, Optik (Stuttg),121(9), 813817, 2010.Dewra, Sanjeev, and R. S. Kale r. Performance evaluation of an optical network based on optical cross add drop multiplexer,Journal of Optical Technology, 2013, pp. 502-505.Barnoski, Michael, ed. Fundamentals of optical fiber communications, Elsevier, pp. 109-133, 2012.S. L. Jansen, G.-D. Khoe, H. de Waardt, S. Spalter, C. J. Weiske, A. Schopflin, S. J. Field, H. E. Escobar, and M. H. Sher, Mixed data rate and format transmission (40 Gb/s NRZ, 40 Gb/s duobinary, 10 Gb/s NRZ) using mid-link spectral inversion, Opt. Lett., vol. 29, no. 20, pp. 23482350, Oct. 2004.W. 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