Human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

human beings resource management - Essay ExampleJob analysis refers to the process of identifying and determiningvarious communication channel duties and requirements as well as the significant role that the duties have in any particular romp (Brannick and Levine, 2002, p 48). One aspect of substantive importance about transmission line analysis is that it is solely on jobs rather than the persons in the different positions in different jobs. The major role played by job analysis is to establish the relation in employment procedures in particular recruitment and selection process. By such analysis, one is able to make a description and specification for determining the best start individual to get the job and perform the associated tasks and responsibilities (Brannick and Levine, 2002, p 61).Job analysis, therefore, is the cornerstone of human being Resource perplexity in the sense that it provides employers with a critical understanding of the requirements of a particular job and make a selection the most appropriate individual to take such a job and contribute towards the sweetening of performance of an organization, aimed towards the realization of success. A competent employee in the right job is the greatest achievement of Human Resource Management towards the implementation of organizational strategies for the realization of success (Brannick and Levine, 2002, p

Insights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Insights - Essay ExampleThis part is not well addressed. A centralized serving in this respect force lead to risk of data leakage as the centralized organic structure needs to be completely trusted. This unit shall be serving different rival sign of the zodiacs simultaneously. Some firms might prefer to protect their privacy instead. 2. Carr compares the development of IT services to electricity, both being multi-purpose in nature. However, the two cannot be explained in similar manner. In fact, Tapscotts article explains a part of it as he says, vigor is more diverse as a byte of data (Tapscott, 2) and that the desired part is getting the right knowledge at the appropriate time. The author moves on to justify ITs centralization by explaining how electricity or power initially began scattered just now later became centralized. However its nature of application is different contempt being general-purpose. IT obviously has a wide range of applications depending on the discretio n of the firm or work and the variety depends a lot on the service and not the product (unlike electricity). 3. Tapscott rightly argues that IT cannot be commoditized but he states side by side that it can enhance the competitive advantage of a firm if right extent of business can be built around it. Hence IT is mainly a service oriented segment where the technology is constantly growing.

OZONE DEPLETION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

OZONE DEPLETION - Essay Examplen with focus on chemical aspects much(prenominal) as composition and properties, causes of ozone depletion, chemical actions that define depletion, and chemical effects of ozone depletion.Ozone is a chemical substance, existing in molecular state and consisting or three group O atoms. It is a product of chemical matchions and because of its unstable condition, jakes tardily dissociate if triggered. Its formation begins with dissociation of an oxygen molecule to form oxygen atoms through the quest path and under ultra violet radiation.The process occurs under photochemical dissociation and the oxygen atoms react with oxygen molecules in the presence of stabilizing factors, such as atomic number 7 molecules and oxygen molexules, to form the ozone. position availsbility of oxygen molecules from which dissociation occurs means ease of formation of the ozone gas. the following equations shows the reaction into formation of ozone (National Oceanic and atmospherical Administration 2010, p. 1).The ozone can overly dissociate easily in the presence of such catalysts as nitrogen monoxide, chloride atoms, and chloro-fluoro carbons. The following equation shows the dissociation that also defines depletion of the ozone.The ozone is therefore a chemical substance whose existence also depend on other chemicals in its environment. the other chemicals may facilitate formation of the ozone, as oxygen and nitrogen molecules do, of may facilitate dissociation as do chlorine atoms and chloro-fluoro carbons (Columbia University n.d., p. 1).Ozone is an unstable chemical and easily dissociated into oxygen molecules, in the presence of catalysts. It also has a short half life and therefore dissociates singly to characterize depletion. This means that its continuous formation and minimal chemical dissociation are necessary for perceptual constancy in its volume. Ozone is also soluble in water and the solubility is a factor of both temperature an d concentration. it its vapourific state, higher concentration of

EU LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

EU LAW - Essay ExampleWe will begin with a concise provided comprehensive overview of the European Union and will thoroughly address the evolution of the EU following the collapse of state-led communism in Eastern Europe. The European Union has undergone a variety of varietys in the aftermath of the fall of the Soviet Union including expansion to the east through the Maastricht Treaty and proposed institutional change through the Treaty of Lisbon.Although it has not always been the case, modern-day Europe is characterized by a unifying elective political culture. While the concept of democracy originated on its shores, the philosophy of democratic governance was challenged in twentieth century Europe by authoritarian political movements, including fascism (expressed by Nazi Germany & Mussolinis Italy), and communism (as exemplified in Eastern Europe during the Cold War). With Allied victory in World War II and the late(a) collapse of the Soviet Union, democracy in varying degree s is now a universal trend amongst European states. In fact liberal democracy, best expressed by the states of Western Europe with entrenched democratic traditions, is quickly becoming the standard for the continent. Democratic norms and rules have subsequently been established through a pan-European effective framework (see Almond et al 2002).Promoting widespread reform to the existing institutions of the European Union, the Treaty of Lisbon is an external multilateral agreement which would fundamentally alter the institutions and composition of this organization. Accordingly, Lisbon would supersede prior agreements enacted by this multinational organization and a represent significant institutional change to the EU. Seeped in controversy, the Treaty of Lisbon has yet to be ratified by all member states and thus remains on the backburner for most countries of the European Union. Accordingly, the countries which comprise the European Union have embraced

Date Rape Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Date Rape - Essay instanceIn majority of this instances, both the victim and the assailant do not usually believe that the activity that took place is indeed, rape. This leads to the reason why a high number of the fortunes go unreported. The women are usually afraid(predicate) that their recollection of the story may not be believed, and they are likely to take the blame for their quandary (Wilkins, 2010).One of the recent cases of date rape that captured world attention through the social media is the Daisy Coleman rape case in Missouri. The 14-year-old girl had just moved to the town of Maryville with her mother after the death of her father. On the dim night, Daisy was invited to a night party by her friend, who was a 17-year-old footballer. Daisy was accompanied by her 13-year-old friend whose name has been with-held for ratified reasons. The twain girls were glad for having attracted the attention of their high school senior who hailed from a prominent family in Maryvill e. The two girls snuck transfer to the party where they made merry till late hours in the night. Soon after, the girls finished victorious binge, they lost consciousness and the unexpected thing happened. Their male friend took advantage of their defenseless state, and the two juvenility girls were raped.The rape sojourn was captured on film by a friend of the senior boy who had invited the girls to the party. Later, Daisy was carried and dumped off near her mothers house. Her personal belongings were strewn across the compound, and her shoes were missing, with the unconscious girl fraud in freezing temperatures (Vawter 2014).A report on the case was made to the authorities and investigations were initiated to unmask the events that unfolded the old night. When the investigations were in top gear, the police discovered that the rape ordeal had been captured on an iPhone. Consequently, they levied the charge of felony for sexual ontogenesis against the 17-year-old friend who

Strategic Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Strategic gracious Resources - Essay ExampleIt also identifies the role, models along with the methods in which straines crowd out(p) utilize their human resource teams to in effect achieve their goals. A) Findings And Analysis 1.0 The Key Drivers From The External Business Environment That Re-Shape Organizations And The Way Employees Are Managed There atomic number 18 several drivers from the external environments of businesses that influence changes to the elbow room a business performs its activities and contests its employees. The first external driver to the way a business performs its activities is engineering (Pace and Wayne, 2001). The development of technology has led to the inexpensive preparation and distribution of information. The on-going technology in habituate across many businesses is low cost, has high speed digital infection and is utilized in producing vital information in a quick and easy manner. The utilization of this technology in businesses elimina tes the temporal limitations, which include the restrictions on time, spaces and costs (Michael, 2007). Another key driver from the external environment that has greatly impacted on the reshaping of organizations and the management of employees is the concept of globalization (Harold, 2003). The concept implies that a business makes use of faster transportation systems, has fast access to information from distant markets. This is because the world market has become cat valium with little barriers to trade. An organizations customers can purchase any of their products from multiple outlets located in conglomerate areas around the world (Katherine, 2002). This implies that the organization exit have to relocate its employees as well as bring up other members to their new branches so as to be effective in their endeavors. The concept of globalization willing assist an organization to know how their competitors are fairing and enable them to remain competitive in the markets. An or ganization can also take advantage of the concept by attaining customer feedbacks on their products and instantly work out corrective measures to correct the situation (Harold, 2003). Another major external driver that influences the way organizations reshape and manage their workers is the notion of power concentration on a few market share cookers (Katherine, 2002). These big investors normally hold majority of the stocks in other companies and influence the ways in which businesses are run in their single markets (Pace and Wayne, 2001). When these organizations are displeased in the existing policies, they could in turn make the market fall into riskiness (Katherine, 2002). The economic factors that affect an organization refer to the policies that governments use in their capital markets, their nature of reason bequest, and their business cycles along with their socio-fiscal infrastructures. For organizations to become successful and manage their employees effectively, they mu st scrutinize their market environments for any unforeseen changes (Erica, 2006). This type of scrutiny will greatly help the business or organization in maximizing their gainfulness bandage minimizing the costs they incur in the process. The wage rates in different countries differ and this implies that organizations will have to adopt suitable policies to handle the issues with their employees (Katherine, 2002). These policies should enable the organization to retain their labor force while remaining profitable in their activities. The social environment within a country

Biographical Analysis of Hannah Altazan Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biographical Analysis of Hannah Altazan - Article ExampleDifferent than many of her peers, Hannah truly enjoyed attending school. She appreciated the relationships that were developed with her teachers and classmates, as well as the information she learned in the process. Hannah would go on to attend Pearl River High School. As Hannah entered high school, her interest and appreciation of school advertise developed. During this period she raise extended her interest in gentility by reading many texts in addition to her homework. As Hannah progressed through high school and realized that she would be attending college, she began to consider authorization career paths and areas of study.With her interests in mind, a career in education as a teacher was an taken for granted(predicate) career path to assume. After Hannah decided to pursue a career in education she began to come on consider potential subjects she could teach. Hannah thought back to her childhood ascertain with her sister and began to recognize that her particular experience could be expanded to include many individuals with disabilities. Hannah believed her experience with Kinley would provide a strong background for dowery other students. She was also inspired by her relationship with Kinley, such that she was highly motivated to help others with their challenges. Ultimately, her dusky experience with Kinley and interest in education led her to decide to study to become a peculiar(a) education teacher.After deciding to study to become a special(a) education teacher, Hannah went about further researching her interest. With this newfound passion in mind, she began working at the Pearl River High Schools special education department. While Hannah had experiences helping Kinley with various tasks, her participation at Pearl Rivers special education department brought her into contact with students with many difficulties.

Compare and contrast components and purposes of Information Technology Essay

Compargon and contrast components and purposes of teaching Technology (IT) and Information Systems (IS) in organizations - Essay ExampleWeb servers, codes that manage the server, storage facilities, schooling transferral facilities, and many others are examples of information engineering which when combined forms an information dodge. This paper focuses on the components and purposes of information technology and information systems in an organization (Stair, 2011). Components of an information system include computer hardware, software, data, procedures, and spate. For instance, each system needs people for its functionalities and maintenance. In most cases, people are not part of the system but they contribute to both its success or failure. Procedures are the rules and policies that guide in the operation of the information system. These procedures are implemented use information technology techniques in form of lines of code. For example, web-based systems procedures impl emented using programming languages like PHP and other styling and scripting languages. These languages are the technologies that make up these information systems (Stair, 2011). In addition, data as used by programs for processing to fetch information used in the systems. These data is interjectd in disks until needed by the system. The process of storing and the tools used to store are the information technologies while the system that extracts the data from these storage devices is the information system that manipulates the data. ... Software is another(prenominal) example of information systems component. Computer programs and manuals supporting these programs are the software in a system. These programs give book of instructions to the interaction of hardware components of an information system to process data to produce useful information. In an information system, these programs are stored in a disk and installed in a way that the hardware can recover and use them. They control the interaction of hardware parts in the processing of information, for instance and operating system is software that controls the whole functionalities of the system and coordinates the hardware components for functionalities. The programs are lines of code written using a sure specific technology based on the required functionality of the system. Some technologies includes, java programming language, PHP, C, visual basic and many other languages used to write these commands which forms a software (Reynolds, 2010). Furthermore, information system is self-possessed of hardware that is the machineries and the computers. Hardware components include displays, keyboards, storage disks, printers, scanners, chips, and barcode readers among many others, which are the tangible parts of an information system. These hardware tools made using different technologies and when combined together they form an information system with specific functionalities. The performance of data tri ggered by either a program or people through hardware and bear on using both the software and hardware in a system the communication between hardware and software controlled by the operating system (Mahr, 2010). Information systems have different purposes in a firm, for instance, virtually are for communication, data management, inventory

Marketing channel proposal for bank of America Essay

Marketing carry proposal for coin bank of America - Essay congressmanThis research impart begin with the statement that selling channels are important to a libertines dispersion objectives. The first is specialization and the second is contractual efficiency. The principle of specialization refers to the assignment of distribution tasks to firms that possess the necessary expertise. The paper presents the opening a 200 branch retail network imbed within the BS network. The marketing channel has two important parts the physical distribution social organization that moves a product from the manufacturer to the consumer or user and the consequent marketing structure that is established as a part of the channel of distribution to ensure the manufacturer that all marketing objectives are accomplished. The essential marketing objective of Bank of America is to profitably reach as many potential consumers of their products as soon as possible. The bank branch remains a viable and important delivery channel for retail banking customers and is the primary location for new product gross revenue. The Bank of America still expresses a learn for the traditional bank branch. The advantages of a retail bank branch are security, branch business productivity and continuity, financial transactions, risk management, compliance with new regulations and preserving customer trust by come oning customer trust. Moreover, a bank branch can implement multiple sales promotions the whole year through sales contests and incentives and special promotional deals (e.g., discounts take outered during a specified period of time). Pull promotions are directed at end-use customers and are designed to encourage them to request a product from channel members such as wholesalers, retailers, or both.choice II. Utilising an internet only channel for its current account product. An internet only channel is an electronic marketing channel which enables clients to use banking and other fina ncial services by employing various information technologies with no deprivation for a direct contact with a bank clerk. This electronic banking is faster, better and cheaper.Bank of America can build a whole marketing strategy around high technology and quality. The issue of quality is a goal and a bond among all corporate functions. To exploit commitment opportunities, the bank can give notice its competitors. The business, however, has to be especially wary of environmental changes that can erode the mensurate of its early investments. Size is safe only when there are compelling advantages to being large, such as economies of scale, scope, or experience. Advantages through preferred access to resources, information, or customers can give a business a sustainable advantage that is autarkical of Bank of America will inform their clients of the time schedule within which they can order individual(a) services and the time of execution of orders for each individual state-of-th e-art electronic marketing channel. Consequently, there will be trade-offs. Greater convenience increases security risks, and greater complexity reduces convenience.OPTION III. Adoption of the current MBNA work which focuses on the telephone as the core channel for its credit card, loans and insurance services.The challenge for banks is to create value and to retain control over their customers. Telephone service is crucial for banks. Telephone service enables wire transfers, machine-controlled clearing house transactions, automated teller machine transactions and inquiries, remote processing, and teller terminals located in branches but connected to an off-site host computer. It also fosters the numerous bank functions that rely on instance connections. However, the telephone as a core service and marketing channel for the bank suffers from specific weaknesses. One, when there is no electricity, there is no telephone service. Second, telephone outages which result from natural di sasters can cut off bank transactions for a given period of time. In order to improve customer service, the bank can offer

Congressional Earmarks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Congressional Earmarks - Research Paper ExampleSoft earmarks are those earmarking processes that allow the congressmen to be fit to allocate this money, without having to conform to any legal binding. This leaves a big loophole in the budgeting process, and the congressmen are up to(p) to stimulate advantage of this and therefore make it difficult for any process to be utilized to hinder this.As Williamson (2009) argues, since the main problem as seen is the fact that there is no clear legislation regarding the issue, the only solvent that would offer a firm solution, would be one that would make it possible for this process to be controlled by the law. Having another body to control this process, allow for only add another layer of corruption and inconvenience, and will therefore never help. Since the American democracy is built around the constitution and the rule of law, embedding this issue in the law would be the only way to have a successful system, which will be able to m ake sure that earmarking is not abused by the members of

Privite high school vs public high school Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Privite spicy schooltime vs public high school - Essay ExampleThis results in students getting proper attention and supervision. national high schools are cheaper than nonpublic high schools, and thus, lots of people get their children admitted in public high schools, resulting in a large number of students in every class. This results in lesser attention and ineffectual supervision. There are over 47 trillion children enrolled in public school and about 3.2 million students in private schools (The Home Economist, para.2). Also, private high schools provide superb facilities because they can afford to. hoi polloi avoid private high schools because they are expensive while public high schools are not. A 2013 research indicates that for families with income over $75,000 send their kids, 85% send their kids to public schools while 12% send their kids to private schools (National Center for Education Statistics).The Home Economist. Public vs. Private Schools, New Facts Revealed. T he Home Economist, 2013. Web. 14 Apr 2014.

CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR - Essay ExampleA broad yet thorough understanding of consumers and their pulmonary tuberculosis patterns are crucial for an organization to thrive in the environment. Consumer way is an interaction of various factors that affect the puzzle out of consumption, within the buyers themselves and in the world that they hail from. Schiffman and Kanuk, 2007 establish consumer behavior as that behavior that consumers present when searching for, purchasing, evaluating and disposing of products which they think will satisfy their needs (p3). Consumer behavior may differ from champion consumer to another, from one moment to another and from one environment to another. Consumer behavior describes the motives and judgment that lie behind purchasing finales and the patterns through which purchasing is . In addition, it clearly explains the way that consumers undertake before making acquire decisions. In this case, the product of choice is the Huawei Ideos mobile forebode , and analysis will be using the Indifference Curve opening a. This theory was developed by Alfred Marshall, and it describes how consumers spend their income on individual products so as to achieve the sterling(prenominal) satisfaction level. However, this analysis is will not be limited to the indifference curve design. The other concept that helps in understanding the consumer decision making process is the Utility speculation which proposes that buyers make purchasing decisions considering the expect results of their decisions, and in reality they are as rational decision makers with self interest (Schiffman and Kanuk 2007, Zinkhan 1992). Howard came up with the starting time consumer decision-model in 1963 (Du Plessis, Rousseau Et al.1991) The Theory of Buyer Behavior. The model was enhanced further in 1969 by Howard and Sheth to get the Theory of Buyer Behavior (or Howard and Sheth Model) (Howard and Sheth 1969). It gives a complex incorporation of a wide set forth of s ocial, psychological and marketing effects on consumer selection into a consistent set of data distribution (Foxall 1990 p.10). The authors concern was in developing an all-inclusive model that could be used to assess a wide range of buying situations, and as such the term buyer was more than consumer so as not be left(p) out business purchases (Loudon and Della Bitta, 1993). The Huawei Ideos mobile phone is by Google. It is with many unique featured such as 4.3 Mega pixels camera, internet, wifi, creates a portable wifi hotspot, long battery life, sync service and supports a wide range of application. The price of the phone is about $95 and it was preferred for the lower and middle income earners. NEED RECOGNITION At this stage, the customer feels that he/she wants a mobile phone due to its various benefits including calling, messaging and internet services it has to offer. According to the indifference curve approach, the consumer realizes that he/she requires a given product ba sed on its utility-grade, which is the mogul of a good or service to fulfill a human want. Therefore, the consumer chooses to purchase the mobile phone in order to satisfy calling, messaging and internet needs. The indifference curve concept uses the marginal utility concept which is a change in utility arising from a change in consumption. Therefore, the consumers decision to buy a phone shows an increase in profitability since the consumer is not contented with that the consumer is presently using and therefore the choice of

Regultion of public utilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Regultion of public utilities - Essay ExampleI shll implement the term in its brod sense, to comprehend ll industries all over which the right to regulte hs been estblished nd efforts t regultion introduced. It is worth while t the outset to distinguish clerly between the specil control over public utilities nd the regultion of industries in generl. Under the police power, stte hs the right to regulte ny business. This affiliate of regultion hs to do with sfety devices, conditions of helth nd intumesce being of employees, nd, with more(prenominal) or less defined limittions, the generl welfre of the public (King, 2000). The regultion of public utilities, however, is of different sort ltogether. It embrces the right to control the very orgniztion nd conduct of the enterprise. It is concerned not only with sfety nd welfre, but with the rtes chrged the public nd the returns or profits relized by the business, s well s with the products or services added. In the so-clled unregult ed business the right to such interference is not recognized. fter ll resonble provisions for the public welfre hve been mde, ordinry business is still free to furnish such services or products s it desires, chrge such prices or rtes s it is ble to exct, nd conduct its finncil mngement ccording to its own purposes or contrctul rrngements. The right to regulte in the specil sense ws first recognized in the celebrted cse of Munn v. Illinois, decided by the Supreme Court of the United Sttes in 1876.

Human ResourcesTraining and Development #2 Essay

serviceman ResourcesTraining and Development 2 - Essay ExampleSWOT Analysis is an effective tool in identifying the inherent strengths and weaknesses and the external opportunities and threats. It helps to develop a plan of action to concentrate on weaknesses and threats and get maximum reward from the strengths and opportunities it has.The strengths of Abbott Labs are its great history of innovation, its wide range of products, the great respect it commands in market ratings, and at last its enlargeing geographical reach opening up new opportunities. These are certainly its strengths to build on.Its overdependence on the anti-bacterial Biaxin and the anti-epileptic Depakote is could be a major weakness for Abbott. Both these products contribute substantially to the company revenues and profits. The challenge for Abbott is to minimize the surrender of sale of these two.Abbott has been doing it bests in exploring new opportunities and keeping its position of strength. The new ag reements and acquisitions it has had with Knoll Pharmaceuticals, Vysis Inc, and Biocompatible will help expand its product range and its pipeline. The company signed aThe price regulation of prescription drugs in discordant markets by peers and government agencies, strong competition from generic manufacturers, and the expiring patent protection are the major threats Abbott is facing.Abbott Laboratories Position of Strength

Compare two images Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Comp are two images - Essay fountVermeer did not do a preparatory drawing to be filled in by color. The front stage of his paintings consists of a structure of clearly contrasting light and shade where form emerge without drawing, Arasse (1993, p.52). mavin of his celebrated paintings, Mistress and the Maid clearly expresses the suppressed motion and activity, where maid brings a letter to the already letter-writing mistress and both seem to be aware of the importance of incoming letter. The letter writer has stop writing while gazing at the letter in maids hand. It is a painting full of motion, activity, and both women are caught in mid-conversation. Vermeer, born in 1632, son of a silk merchant, had excess to the world of fashion and fine frock and his paintings reflect this knowledge in a sophisticated and effective way. They grant opulence to the painting and its dcor.exceptionally lambent figures, almost three dimensional against the dark background are highly coherent in th eir fashion and movements. If the mistress is showing the high fashion of the day of genteel families, maid, though representing a scorn salaried class, is extremely neat, correctly attired and almost as attention-catching as the mistress in luminous yellow. It is not a mean feat, as maid is wearing almost a merging coloring material and she is pitted against the bright yellow full of life worn by a more resplendent woman. Still Vermeer does not fail in making them equally attractive. Many of his women were bright yellow and well-situated yellow. The cut and style of head dresses of those days was very different from styles of other countries. They are entirely Dutch styles of the day. Hair is kept simple without elaboration. In this painting, fashionable wardrobe helps to bring across the visual intercourse surrounded by the two women, while showing the difference in class, work and attitude. It is difficult to miss the animated psychological impact created by the just arriv ed letter. Vermeer is famous for using camera obscura to view his subjects and present them in a outcome of fluidity. MUSIC LESSONhttp//essentialvermeer.20m.com/catalogue/music_lesson.htmA famous painting of excellent composition, brilliant and uncommonly accepted foreground, with a double bass on the floor, Music Class reflects a tender moment between the pupil and music teacher. Some critics have mentioned that Vermeer might have immortalised love, pointing out the blue chair and unswayed double bass on the floor but this could be mere speculation. Painting catches a moment of arrested action as per the blurred reflection in the mirror. Most of Vermeers painting colours show the costumes of cryptical Dutch merchant class in mid 17th century. After the execution of Charles I, Cromwells administration was not a particular period of arts supremacy in England and France was plagued with internal troubles and hence, Holland had the centre stage for fashion in Europe and this has re flected many times in his paintings.The ebony framed mirror which reflects the girl from a earlier impossible angle that cannot be noticed in her demeanour becomes the focal point of the painting. Vermeer, who had a excess penchant for light and shadow display clearly gave more attention to that pleasure than to his subjects and it could be seen in both paintings that light has been used with

Environmental Economics Essay Example for Free

Environmental Economics EssayAgriculture has an instrumental pulmonary tuberculosis and close association in preservation and conservation of the environment and economic reading. It promotes environment diversity and enhances the cornerstone of artificial habitats. The green biomass that covers many fields forms a basis of aesthetic to the human emotions. Intensified uses of chemic in sylvan issue exist the above benefits that a skip over from agricultural fields. In the recent past, a growing concern has been elevated with attentiveness to the ostracize impact arising from agricultural related activities and policies. Legalization of substances such(prenominal) as pesticide and fertilizer enhance cast out consequences on the environment. They contain toxic elements thus causes taint of pop water and underground water, drainage of wetlands, air pollutions and loss of diverse life forms and habitats. Settlement scheme in implemented on fragile lands such swamps, dis turbances the bionomic balance in the area. Environmental issues can be resolve by promoting organic husbandry, establishing relevant institutions, formulation of legislation and policies.The ecesis for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) members concur that reforms should, to the extent possible, simultaneously enable cash advance to be made on trade liberation and environment. They too agreed to uphold the need to integrate agricultural development with environmental issues. (OECD 1993, p, 24-50) The focus of this study is and so to examine the risk of inorganic agriculture against organic agriculture on the environment and thereafter mold alternative strategies to foster sustainability.Environmental issues are diverse and multi-disciplinary in temperament since they cut across only sectors of the economy and cultures. Unsustainable agriculture and increase in populations in the humanity modifies environmental issues. Population increase exerts soaring pressure on the economic growthes to stretch, in most cases beyond the natural sustainable limit, to accommodate the oversupply demand (Sandler, Todd. 1997, p, 34-73) In response, the world has embarked on intensified adoption to scientific invention and advancement in technical development to improve performance.Organic bastardlys of action are then considered redundant and fierce in favor of inorganic agriculture. Unsustainable means of production, consequently, have widened and continue to widen environmental global challenges that threaten to cripple and suffocate the worlds economy. Studies have shown that increased use of chemical, such as pesticides and fertilizers for production in farming activities perpetuates the environmental global challenges. This puts the future livelihood for mankind at a transfix and uncertain.It is therefore important to examine environmental challenges attached to intensive use of chemical for agricultural production and thereafter provide an alter native strategy to enhance sustainability. (Dutch Committee, 1994, p, 30-50) Intensified use of chemical for production is more often than not attributed to agricultural and industrial revolution. Population has also influenced the need to use chemicals to increase feed production to becoming the ever growing world demand for food. Initially, the above means of agricultural production were common in Europe and Asian continent.Abject poverty in the world has created great desire and demand for technological innovation to increase food production. Globalization and scientific advancement has therefore provided a solution to the world food demand problem. However, the solution comes with a bundle of side effects. Technological and scientific information transfer, specially, to African countries, where poverty is obsolete and unsustainable (Andersons, L. and Bruce, Yundle, 2001, p, 50-200) Over the last three decades there has been an increasing global use of chemicals for agricultu ral production.Traditionally, production was based on organic means thus less environmental concerns. Merchandised agriculture has raised the public concern over the nature of the problems that arises from agricultural production. These problems are diverse and wholly attributed to environmental pollution caused by intensified use of pesticide and fertilizers. (Uri, Noel, 1999, p, 23-123) The problems are aggravated by improper management of agricultural chemicals thereby causing serious environmental issues. These pose a great problem to the survival and well-being of humanity, particularly those living in ontogenesis world.This is because fertilizers and pesticides are agent of pollution to water bodies, food sources, land, air and vegetation. The development of agriculture production through specialization and intensification of land use in recent decades has given rise to a wide range of environmental effects, both within the agricultural industry it egotism and increasingly, ex ternally to it. The recognition and understanding of these consequences of modern game technology agriculture developed in the 1970s and during the 1980s progress was made in addressing these impacts.Some problems still remain however and pull up stakes be of increasing importance. (OCED, p, 177) The use of chemicals for agricultural production therefore will continue to compromise the environmental sustainability. The World Health Organization estimates that about a quarter of the diseases facing mankind today occur due to prolonged flick to environmental pollution. Most of these environmental related diseases are however, not easily detected and may be acquired during childhood and manifest later in adulthood.The indiscriminate and excessive use of agrochemicals for crop protection represents by far the greatest threat to human health, to the genetic stock of the population and to sustain agriculture and environment. At a United Nations seminar in Nairobi Kenya in 1984, it was reported that almost 370,000 people suffer from pesticide insobriety and about 10,000annually die due to poisoning. Recently, the World Health Organization estimated 500,000 fatalities due to pesticide poisoning in developing world. This WHOs report further claims that another 400,000 cases of poisoning were due to pesticide handling and usage. (Mervyns, p, 12)From the quotation above, it is clear that the impacts of agrochemical increases with condemnation and magnitude. This kind of trend is unsustainable and therefore threatens the future of humanity. The impact of pesticide and fertilizer on human health is of the essence(p) and therefore should never be under-estimated. The traces of these chemical causes inhalation problems. Accumulation of the elements in the body system affects the sluttish circulation of blood in the body. Biodiversity forms a basis upon which the worlds beauty, emotional fulfillment and aesthetic collection are based. Agriculture spices up the aesthe tic-array of the world.It also creates artificial habitats that shelter migratory organisms such as birds, insects and animals. It therefore follows that agricultural production is a gene bank for scientific development. Intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers puts the existence of nature in it natural form at stake. This is because chemicals kill organisms that perpetuate natural fertilization processes thereby keep the natural form of nature stabilization. Chemical enhances the process of mutation. This leads to evolution of hybridized species of pests which are resistant to natural mean of pest control and at times even resistant to pesticides.Loss of biodiversity as a chair of chemical use in agricultural production is therefore eminent. It has been reported that, The first sub fatal effect of a pesticide on a bird was probably the eggshell thinning phenomena first depict by Ratcliff. DDE, the stable metabolite of DDE is reported to be the cause of eggshell thinning and consequent decline in the breeding success of birds of prey. (Mervyns, p, 78) Equity is a controversial aspect of resource distribution in the world. The possibility between the rich and the poor is quite disheartening. Economic processes and advancement also work towards widening the gap. commercialisation of agriculture with intensive use of chemicals, poses environmental degradation. This consequently deprives the land of its ability to naturally produce food thereby lowering its production yield. The poor depend totally on the environment for their livelihood. Inorganic agriculture is a worlds strategy to check the gap between the poor and the rich. It is widely think that many people in the world sleep without food for many days. Increased food production, will therefore help to resolve one of the greatest challenges that is threatening to tear the earth a part.However, inorganic farming has failed to bridge the gap between the poor and the rich. The efficiency of using chem icals to increase food production is questionable. Traditional means of production were more manual, labor intensive and time consuming with minimum negative impacts to the environment. Current means of agricultural production are merchandized and more efficient as compared with the traditional methods. However, with regard to the environmental challenges, the efficiency of inorganic production to address the abject poverty in the world is low. ecology is defined as the domestic site of organism, knowledge and the sum of the relation of the surrounding world. It is a self sustaining environment. Ecology is always sensitive to changes. Introduction of foreign substances such as traces of pesticides and fertilizer modify the ecological characteristic and identity. Nutrients like nitrate and phosphate are normally washed down into water bodies when it rains. This initiates the process of eutrophication. Eutrophication is a process whereby the water experiences enrichment with nutrients of nitrate and phosphate.Consequently water lilies, phytoplasm and algae blooms to experience luxuriant growth. This phenomenon has negative impacts on the functions of the water body. In the first place, Algae bloom forms a green like seam on top of the water thereby hindering penetration of light to the water body. Due to high accumulation of substance in the water, decaying process increases. This causes a biological oxygen demand which leads to suffocation of aquatic lives in the water body. Bad smell arises from the water body as a result of decaying processes. The prise of water for domestic use therefore reduces.

Hindustani classical music Essay Example for Free

Hindoostani unsullied symphony EssayThe custom was born out of a cultural synthesis of several(prenominal) symphonyal customs the Vedic cantil recently tradition, dating back to more than three curtilage years ago,the ancient Persian tradition of Musiqi-e assil, and various folk traditions customary in the region. It is traditional for performers who suck in reached a distinguished level of achievement to be awarded titles of respect Hindus be usually referred to as pandit and Muslims as ustad. An aspect of Hindustani music going back to Sufi successions is the tradition of religious disinterest Muslim ustads may sing compositions in praise of Hindu deities, and vice versa. approximately the 12th ampere- hour, Hindustani innocent music diverged from what eventually came to be identified as Carnatic true music. The central nonion in both these dodges is that of a terminologyal mode or raga, sung to a rhythmic cycle or tala. The tradition dates back to the a ncient Samaveda, (sma meaning ritual chant), which deals with the norms for chanting of srutis or hymns such as the Rig Veda.These principles were refined in the musical treatises Natya Shastra, by Bharata (2nd3rd coke CE), and Dattilam (probably 3rd4th century CE). In gallant times, the mellifluous systems were fused with ideas from Persian music, let outicularly through and through the form of Sufi composers equivalent Amir Khusro, and ulterior in the Moghul begs. Noted composers such as Tansen flourished, along with religious groups handle the Vaishnavites. After the 16th century, the singing expressive airs diversified into diametrical gharanas patronized in different princely courts. Around 1900, Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande consolidated the musical structures of Hindustani classic music, called ragas, into a number of thaats. Indian authorized music has cardinal basic notes with five interspersed half-notes, resulting in a 12-note scale.Un corresponding the 12-note scale in Western music, the base oftenness of the scale is not fixed, and intertonal gaps (temperament) may overly vary however, with the gradual replacement of the sarangi by the harmonium, an equal toughened scale is increasingly used. The performance is set to a melodic pattern called a raga characterized in part by specific ascent (aroha) and descent (avaroha) sequences, which may not be identical. early(a) characteristics allow in powerfulness (vadi) and queen (samavadi) notes and characteristic excogitates (pakad). In addition each raga has its natural register (ambit) and portamento (meend) rules. Performances argon usually pronounced by considerable improvisation within these norms.HistoryMusic was first formalized in India in connection with preserving the sruti textual matters, primarily the four vedas, which be seen as apaurasheya (meaning not created by man). Not only was the text important, but alike the manner in which they had been enunciated by the immorta ls. Prosody and chanting were thus of great importance, and were enshrined in the ii vedangas (bodies of knowledge) called shiksha (pronunciation, chants) and chhandas (prosody) these re primary(prenominal)ed a key part of the brahmanic educational system till modern times. The formal aspects of the chant atomic number 18 delineated in the Samaveda, with certain aspects, e.g. the relation of chanting to meditation, elaborated in the Chandogya Upanishad (ca. 8th century BC). Priests involved in these ritual chants were called samans and a number of ancient musical instruments such as the conch (shankh), luting (veena), flute (bansuri), trumpets and horns were associated with this and later practices of ritual singing.Sanskritic traditionThe Samaveda outlined the ritual chants for singing the verses of the Rigveda, particularly for offerings of Soma. It proposed a tonal structure consisting of seven-spot notes, which were named, in descending order, krusht, pratham, dwitiya, tritiy a, chaturth, mandra and atiswr. These refer to the notes of a flute, which was the only fixed-frequency instrument. This is why the second note is called pratham (meaning first, i.e., produced when only the first hole is closed). Music is dealt with extensively in the Valmiki Ramayana. Narada is an accomplished musician, as is Ravana Saraswati with her veena is the goddess of music. Gandharvas ar presented as spirits who be musical masters, and the gandharva style looks to music primarily for pleasure, accompanied by the pulp rasa. In the Vishnudharmottara Purana, the Naga king Ashvatara asks to know the svaras from Saraswati. The most important text on music in the ancient canon is Bharatas Natya Shastra, composed around the 3rd century CE.The Natya Shastra deals with the different modes of music, dance, and drama, and also the emotional responses (rasa) they are evaluate to evoke. The scale is described in terms of 22 micro-tones, which can be combined in clusters of four, thr ee, or two to form an octave. While the term raga is articulated in the Natya Shastra (where its meaning is more literal, meaning discolour or mood), it finds a clearer expression in what is called jati in the Dattilam, a text composed shortly later on or around the aforesaid(prenominal) time as Natya Shastra. The Dattilam is focused on gandharva music and discusses scales (swara), defining a tonal framework called grama in terms of 22 micro-tonal intervals (sruti3) comprising one octave. It also discusses various arrangements of the notes (murchhana), the permutations and combinations of note-sequences (tanas), and alankara or elaboration. Dattilam categorizes melodic structure into 18 groups called jati, which are the fundamental melodic structures similar to the raga.The names of the jatis reflect regional origins, for example andhri and oudichya. Music also finds mention in a number of texts from the Gupta period Kalidasa mentions several kinds of veena (Parivadini, Vipanchi) , as well as percussion instruments (mridang), the flute (vamshi) and conch (shankha). Music also finds mention in Buddhist and Jain texts from the earliest periods of the Christian era. Naradas Sangita Makarandha treatise, from about 1100 CE, is the earliest text where rules similar to those of current Hindustani immaculate music can be found.Narada actually names and classifies the system in its earlier form before the Persian influences introduced changes in the system. Jayadevas Gita Govinda from the 12th century was perhaps the earliest musical composition sung in the classical tradition called Ashtapadi music. In the 13th century, Sharngadeva composed the Sangita Ratnakara, which has names such as the turushka todi (Turkish todi), revealing an influx of ideas from Moslem culture. This text is the last to be mentioned by both the Carnatic and the Hindustani traditions and is often thought to date the discrimination between the two.Medieval period Persian influenceThe advent of Islamic rule low the Delhi Sultanate and later the Mughal Empire over northern India caused considerable cultural interchange. Increasingly, musicians received financial support in the courts of the new rulers, who in their turn, started taking increasing interest in local music forms. While the initial generations may have a bun in the oven been rooted in cultural traditions outside India, they gradually adopted galore(postnominal) aspects from their kingdoms which retained the traditional Hindu culture. This helped spur the fusion of Hindu and Muslim ideas to bring forth new forms of musical synthesis uniform qawwali and khyal. The most influential musician of the Delhi Sultanate period was Amir Khusrau (12531325), sometimes called the father of modern Hindustani classical music.4 A composer in Persian, Turkish, Arabic, as well as Braj Bhasha, he is credited with systematizing many aspects of Hindustani music, and also introducing several ragas such as Yaman Kalyan, Zeela f and Sarpada.He created the qawwali genre, which fuses Persian melody and beat on a dhrupad like structure. A number of instruments (such as the sitar and tabla) were also introduced in his time. Amir Khusrau is sometimes credited with the origins of the khyal form, but the ledger of his compositions do not appear to support this. The compositions by the court musician Sadarang in the court of Muhammad Shah exculpate a closer affinity to the modern khyal. They suggest that while khyal already existed in some form, Sadarang may have been the father of modern khyal. Much of the musical forms innovated by these pioneers merged with the Hindu tradition, composed in the fashionable language of the people (as opposed to Sanskrit) in the work of composers like Kabir or Nanak. This can be seen as part of a medium- hulkingr Bhakti tradition, (strongly related to the Vaishnavite movement) which remained influential crossways several centuries notable figures entangle Jayadeva (11th cen tury), Vidyapati (fl. 1375 CE), Chandidas (14th15th century), and Meerabai (15551603 CE).As the Mughal Empire came into closer contact with Hindus, especially under Jalal ud-Din Akbar, music and dance also flourished. In particular, the musician Tansen introduced a number of innovations, including ragas and particular compositions. Legend has it that upon his interpreting of a night-time raga in the morning, the total city fell under a hush and clouds gathered in the sky, and that he could light fires by singing the raga Deepak, which is supposed to be composed of notes in high octaves. At the royal house of Gwalior, genus Raja Mansingh Tomar (14861516 CE) also participated in the shift from Sanskrit to the local idiom (Hindi) as the language for classical songs.He himself penned several volumes of compositions on religious and secular themes, and was also responsible for the major compilation, the Mankutuhal (Book of Curiosity), which outlined the major forms of music prevalent a t the time. In particular, the musical form known as dhrupad saw considerable development in his court and remained a strong point of the Gwalior gharana for many centuries. After the dissolution of the Mughal empire, the patronage of music continue in smaller princely kingdoms like Lucknow, Patiala, and Banaras, giving rise to the diversity of styles that is today known as gharanas. Many musician families obtained large grants of land which made them self sufficient, at least for a fewerer generations (e.g. the Sham Chaurasia gharana). Meanwhile the Bhakti and Sufi traditions continued to develop and interact with the different gharanas and groups.Modern eraUntil the late 19th century, Hindustani classical music was imparted on a one-on-one ass through the guru-shishya (mentor-protg) tradition. This system had many benefits, but also several drawbacks in many cases, the shishya had to spend most of his time serving his guru with a hope that the guru might teach him a cheez (piec e or nuance) or two. In addition, the system forced the music to be limited to a small subsection of the Indian community. To a large extent it was limited to the palaces and dance halls. It was shunned by the intellectuals, avoided by the educated middle class, and in general looked agglomerate upon as a frivolous practice.5 Then a fortunate turn of events started the renaissance of Hindustani classical music. First, as the power of the maharajahs and nawabs declined in early 20th century, so did their patronage. With the expulsion of Wajid Ali Shah to Calcutta after 1857, the Lucknavi musical tradition came to influence the music of renaissance in Bengal, giving rise to the tradition of Ragpradhan gan around the turn of the century. Also, at the turn of the century, two great stars emerged on the horizon Vishnu Digambar Paluskar and Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande. Independent of each other, they spread Hindustani classical music to the hatful in general, and the Marathi middle class in particular.These two gentlemen brought classical music to the masses by organizing music conferences, starting drills, teaching music in class-rooms, and devising a standardized rate and testing system, and by standardizing the notation system.6 Vishnu Digambar Paluskar emerged as a talented musician and organizer despite having been blind at age 12. His books on music, as well as the Gandharva Mahavidyalaya music school that he open(a) in Lahore in 1901, helped foster a movement away from the closed gharana system. Paluskars contemporary (and occasional rival) Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande know the many rifts that had appeared in the structure of Indian classical music. He undertook extensive research visits to a large number of gharanas, Hindustani as well as Carnatic, collecting and comparing compositions. Between 1909 and 1932, he produced the massive four-volume work Hindustani Sangeetha Padhathi,7 which suggested a transcription for Indian music, and described the many tra ditions in this notation.Finally,mit consolidated the many musical forms of Hindustani classical music into a number of thaats (modes), subsequent to the Melakarta system that reorganized Carnatic tradition in the 17th century. The ragas as they exist today were consolidated in this landmark work, although there are some inconsistencies and ambiguities in Bhatkandes system. In modern times, the government-run All India Radio, Bangladesh Betar and Radio Pakistan helped to bring the artists to public attention, countering the loss of the patronage system.The first star was Gauhar Jan, whose career was born out of Fred Gaisbergs first recordings of Indian music in 1902. With the procession of films and other public media, musicians started to make their living through public performances. As India was exposed to Western music, some Western melodies started merging with classical forms, especially in popular music. A number of Gurukuls, such as that of Alauddin caravanserai at Maihar, flourished. In more modern times, corporate support has also been forthcoming, as at the ITC Sangeet Research Academy. Meanwhile, Hindustani classical music has become popular across the world through the influence of artists such as Ravi Shankar and Ali Akbar Khan.Principles of Hindustani musicThe rhythmic organization is found on rhythmic patterns called tala. The melodic foundations are called ragas. One possible classification of ragas is into melodic modes or parent scales, known as thaats, under which most ragas can be classified based on the notes they use. Thaats may consist of up to seven scale degrees, or swara. Hindustani musicians name these pitches using a system called Sargam, the equivalent of the Western transferable do solmisation Sa (Shadaj) = DoRe (Rishab) = ReGa (Gandhar) = MiMa (Madhyam) = FaPa (Pancham) = SoDha (Dhaivat) = LaNi (Nishad) = TiSa (Shadaj) = DoBoth systems repeat at the octave. The difference between sargam and solfege is that re, ga, ma, dha, and ni can refer to either Natural (shuddha) or altered Flat (komal) or shrewdly (tivra) versions of their respective scale degrees. As with movable do solfege, the notes are heard relative to an arbitrary impertinent that varies from performance to performance, rather than to fixed frequencies, as on a xylophone. The fine intonational differences between different instances of the same swara are called srutis. The three primary registers of Indian classical music are mandra (lower), madhya (middle) and taar (upper). Since the octave location is not fixed, it is also possible to use provenances in mid-register (such as mandra-madhya or madhya-taar) for certain ragas. A typical rendition of Hindustani raga involves two stages Alap a rhythmically free improvisation on the rules for the raga in order to apportion life to the raga and flesh out its characteristics.The alap is followed by a long slow-tempo improvisation in blunt music, or by the jod and jhala in instrumental music. B andish or Gat a fixed, melodic composition set in a specific raga, performed with rhythmic accompaniment by a tabla or pakhavaj. There are different ways of systematizing the parts of a composition. For example Sthaayi The initial, rondo phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition. Antara The first consistency phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition. Sanchaari The third body phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition, seen more typically in dhrupad bandishes Aabhog The fourth and concluding body phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition, seen more typically in Dhrupad bandishes. There are three variations of bandish, regarding tempoVilambit bandish A slow and steady melodic composition, usually in largo to adagio speeds. Madhyalaya bandish A medium tempo melodic competition, usually set in andante to allegretto speeds. Drut bandish A fast tempo melodic composition, usually set to allegretto speed or faster. Hindustani classical music is primarily vocal-centric, i nsofar as the musical forms were intentional primarily for vocal performance, and many instruments were designed and evaluated as to how well they emulate the human voice.Types of compositionsThe major vocal forms or styles associated with Hindustani classical music are dhrupad, khyal, and tarana. Other forms include dhamar, trivat, chaiti,kajari, tappa, tap-khyal, ashtapadis, thumri, dadra, ghazal and bhajan these are folk or semi-classical or light classical styles, as they often do not adhere to the rigorous rules of classical music.DhrupadMain article DhrupadDhrupad is an old style of singing, traditionally performed by male singers. It is performed with a tambura and a pakhawaj as instrumental accompaniments. The lyrics, some of which were written in Sanskrit centuries ago, are presently often sung in brajbhasha, a medieval form of pairing and atomic number 99 Indian languages that was spoken in Eastern India. The rudra veena, an ancient disembowel instrument, is used in in strumental music in dhrupad. Dhrupad music is primarily devotional in theme and content. It contains recitals in praise of particular deities. Dhrupad compositions father with a relatively long and acyclic alap, where the syllables of the following mantra is recited Om Anant tam Taran Tarini Twam Hari Om Narayan, Anant Hari Om Narayan. The alap gradually unfolds into more rhythmic jod and jhala sections. These sections are followed by a rendition of bandish, with the pakhawaj as an accompaniment.The great Indian musician Tansen sang in the dhrupad style. A lighter form of dhrupad, called dhamar, is sung primarily during the festival of Holi. Dhrupad was the main form of northern Indian classical music until two centuries ago, when it gave way to the somewhat less austere khyal, a more free-form style of singing. Since losing its main patrons among the royalty in Indian princely states, dhrupad risked becoming extinct in the first half of the 20th century. However, the efforts by a few proponents from the Dagar family have led to its revival and eventual popularization in India and in the West.Some of the best known vocalists who sing in the Dhrupad style are the members of the Dagar lineage, including the senior Dagar brothers, Nasir Moinuddin and Nasir Aminuddin Dagar the junior Dagar brothers, Nasir Zahiruddin and Nasir Faiyazuddin Dagar and Wasifuddin, Fariduddin, and Sayeeduddin Dagar. Other leading exponents include the Gundecha Brothers, who have received training from some of the Dagars. Leading vocalists outside the Dagar lineage include the Mallik family of Darbhanga tradition of musicians some of the leading exponents of this tradition were Ram Chatur Mallick, Siyaram Tiwari, and Vidur Mallick. A section of dhrupad singers of Delhi Gharana from Mughal emperor Shah Jahans court migrated to Bettiah under the patronage of the Bettiah Raj, giving rise to the Bettiah Gharana.8 Bishnupur Gharana, based in West Bengal, is a key school that has been propag ating this style of singing since Mughal times.KhyalMain article KhyalKhyal is a Hindustani form of vocal music, adopted from medieval Persian music and based on Dhrupad. Khyal, literally meaning thought or imagination in Hindustani, is unusual as it is based on improvising and expressing emotion. A Khyal is a two- to eight-line lyric set to a melody. The lyric is of an emotional account possibly from poetic observation.clarification needed Khyals are also popular for depicting the emotions between two lovers, situations of ethological significance in Hinduism and Islam, or other situations evoking intense feelings.Th importance of the Khyals content is for the singer to depict, through music in the set raga, the emotional significance of the Khyal. The singer improvises and finds inspiration within the raga to depict the Khyal. The foot of Khyal is controversial, although it is accepted that this style was based on Dhrupad and influenced by Persian music. Many argue that Amir Khus rau created the style in the late 16th century. This form was popularized by Mughal Emperor Mohammad Shah, through his court musicians. Some known composers of this period were Sadarang, Adarang, and Manrang. editTaranaMain article TaranaAnother vocal form, taranas are medium- to fast-paced songs that are used to set about a mood of elation and are usually performed towards the end of a concert. They consist of a few lines of poetry with soft syllables or bols set to a tune. The singer uses these few lines as a basis for fast improvisation. The tillana of Carnatic music is based on the tarana, although the former is primarily associated with dance. tappa barkMain article TappaTappa is a form of Indian semi-classical vocal music whose specialty is its rolling pace based on fast, subtle, knotty construction. It originated from the folk songs of the camel riders of Punjab and was developed as a form of classical music by Mian Ghulam Nabi Shori or Shori Mian, a court singer for Asaf-U d-Dowlah, the Nawab of Awadh. Nidhubabur Tappa, or tappas sung by Nidhu Babu were really popular in 18th and 19th-century Bengal. Among the living performers of this style are Laxmanrao Pandit, Shamma Khurana, Manvalkar, Girija Devi, Ishwarchandra Karkare, and Jayant Khot.ThumriMain article ThumriThumri is a semi-classical vocal form said to have begun in Uttar Pradesh with the court of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah, (r. 18471856). There are three types of thumri poorab ang, Lucknavi and Punjabi thumri. The lyrics are typically in a proto-Hindi language called Brij Bhasha and are usually romantic. Some recent performers of this genre are Abdul Karim Khan, the brothers Barkat Ali Khan and Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Begum Akhtar, Girija Devi, Beauty Sharma Barua, Nazakat-Salamat Ali Khan, Prabha Atre, Siddheshwari Devi, and Shobha Gurtu.GhazalMain article GhazalGhazal is an originally Persian form of poetry. In the Indian sub-continent, Ghazal became the most common form of poetry in the Urdu lang uage and was popularized by classical poets like Mir Taqi Mir, Ghalib, Daagh, Zauq and Sauda amongst the North Indian literary elite. Vocal music set to this mode of poetry is popular with multiple variations across Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia, Turkey, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Ghazal exists in multiple variations, including semi-classical, folk and pop forms.Instrumental musicThe Royal Musicians of Hindustan circa 1910 Ali Khan, Inayat Khan, Musheraff Khan and Maheboob Khan Although Hindustani music clearly is focused on the vocal performance, instrumental forms have existed since ancient times. In fact, in recent decades, especially outside South Asia, instrumental Hindustani music is more popular than vocal music, partly due to a somewhat different style and faster tempo, and partly because of a language barrier for the lyrics in vocal music. A number of musical instruments are associated with Hindustani classical music.The veena, a string instrument, was traditionally regarded as the most important, but few play it today and it has more often than not been superseded by its cousins the sitar and the sarod, both of which owe their origin to Persian influences. Other plucked or struck string instruments include the surbahar, sursringar, santoor, and various versions of the slide guitar. Among bowed instruments, the sarangi, esraj and violin are popular. The bansuri, shehnai and harmonium are important swerve instruments. In the percussion ensemble, the tabla and the pakhavaj are the most popular. Various other instruments have also been used in varying degrees.

Homework Assignment Essay Example for Free

Homework Assignment Essay1. Define the impact of accounting. invoice is the process of identifying, measuring and communicating economic information about an organization for the economic consumption of making decisions and informed judgments.2. What atomic number 18 the three major divisions in the accounting field? Financial, managerial and cost accounting3. What is the Fundamental Accounting Equation?Assets = Liabilities + Equity4. What is the purpose of a equilibrize sheet? What are some(prenominal) examples of typical balance sheet accounts? A balance sheet is a summary of financial balances of an organizations assets, liabilities and equity listed on a specific date such as the end of year report. A balance sheet is a snap shot of the companys financial status5. What is the purpose of an income statement? What are some examples of typical income statement accounts? An income statement is also known as profit and loss statement is adept of the financial statements of a company and shows revenues and expenses during a particular period. An income statement indicates how the revenues are transformed into net income6. What is the purpose of a statement of coin flows? What are some examples of typical statement of specie flow accounts? A cash flow statement consists of three parts operating, investing and financing. It is the summary of transactions that affected cash in a particular period. In other words, it si a summary of all the cash payments and the cash receipts that occurred during a month, quarter or year for a business.7. Based on the financial information below, prepare an income statement and a balance sheet for Joes-Fly-by-Night Oil company for the year stop December 31, 2012. Unless otherwise indicated, assume all information below is either for the year 2012 or as of December 31, 2012.

History of Fire Sprinklers Essay Example for Free

History of draw out Sprinklers EssayRome, 64 A. D. Emperor Nero watched in horror as the great city of Rome burned for six age and seven nights. Afterwards 70% of the city was left in smoldering ruins and devastation. (The Burning of Rome, 64 AD 1) Why the exact cause of the dismiss is unknown, we wonder if an effective sprinkler clay could create prevented this incident and separates alike(p) it. A city that was well known for their magnificent construction, architecture, and irrigation systems was al near completely destroyed by unriv eithered incident. Many codes do non require a specific reference of Automatic Sprinkler System.While the to the highest degree common emblem set is the wicked Pipe System run dry Pipe, Preaction, and Deluge Systems chiffonier be found in many different military control types. The two main purposes of automatic sprinkler systems be to egest fires and control the fire until appropriate personnel arrive to extinguish the fire. Au tomatic sprinkler systems be expected in all occupancy types, except residential, unless the hazard is not compatible with irrigate. For these hazards there are several other types of suppression systems that can be installed to manage the incident. By installing an automatic sprinkler system, you increase life rubber eraser and property protection.What is the standard of sprinkler systems? The goal is to increase life safety and diminution property damage. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has been the leader in mandating standards and requirements when it comes to sprinkler systems. They have developed many standards that address the installation, inspection, and maintenance of sprinklers. Wet pipe systems are closed water systems attached to a piping system containing pressurized water at all times. This type of automatic sprinkler system is the most common type, and can be found in all most all occupancy types.Unless the potential of freezing pipes or other spe cial conditions apply, this type of system will be encountered most frequently. The operation of this sprinkler system is very simple. The wet-pipe system consists of sprinkler heads attached to sprinkler issue lines that interlace the occupancy. When a fire first starts there is minimum heat generated. As the fire grows and the thermal layer is disturbed, heat rises to the targeted sprinkler heads. Depending on the rated temperature of the sprinkler head, a fusible disc or link melts from the heat and initiates the draw of water.While most fires are controlled by one or two sprinkler heads, in the case of spry moving fires more may be needed to control the fire. When water is flowed from the system, typically other things may happen. In all most all wet-pipe systems, there is some type of audible alarm emotional at the standpipe. This will trigger other alarms in the building, and most of the time notifies an agency that will past notify the Fire Department of a water flow alarm or others like it. Dry pipe systems use air or nitrogen to keep the provision line pressurized at all times.This type of automatic sprinkler system is commonly found in the colder field of forces where the possibilities of freezing pipes are encountered. Dry-pipe systems provide the analogous adequate protection similar to wet-pipe systems. The piping is charged with air or nitrogen, and when a sprinkler head is set off the drop in the pressure opens a valve at the standpipe that allows water to flow into the systems. (Bahme 25) Just like the wet-pipe system, normally one or two sprinkler heads are needed to control the fire. there will also be an alarm that is activated notifying the appropriate agency to contact the Fire Department.At lest once a workweek the system should be tested to make sure that the air pressure within the piping is maintained. The troika type of automatic sprinkler system is the Pre-action System. This type of system is a closed piping system tha t contains air, which may or may not be under pressure. When a fire occurs the fire detecting plait signals the control valve to open charging the system. This type of system is usually used where the possibility of broken pipes and sprinkler heads may result. The most common backsides found include electrical rooms, computer rooms, and other areas that may house expensive equipment.There can be several types of pre-action system including a recycling system. This system is capable of charging the piping, discharging water, then acrimonious itself off. In the event that the fire rekindles, it can discharge again. It then has the ability to recycle the water. Deluge systems are much like Pre-action systems except that the sprinkler heads are open and the system is not charged. Similar to that of the pre-action systems, a fire detection device, usually a heat sensor, activates the discharge valve on the system.The difference is that the entire sprinkler component of the system is o pen therefore the area that is activated is deluged in water. These types of automatic sprinkler system can be found where a high hazard of flammable liquid may be encountered. The most common place is aircraft hangars. Caution should be taken though in confined spaces the oxygen level can be deficient when these systems are activated due to the copious amounts of water. Combined Dry-Pipe and Pre-action systems are composed of both the systems mentioned above.These systems have the dry pipe features with the pre-action features in the event the dry pipe portion fails. These systems are used when an area is too large to be covered by a dry pipe system. On the resembling note though, combined systems were originally developed for protection during cold climates. Long lines would be subject to freezing. These systems are commonly found when dealing with long piers. (Bahme 30) It is important to note this type of system is considered two free-lance systems. Testing requires individual standards for both type consisting of the dry pipe system and the pre-action system.Limited water supply systems are those where supply water cannot be properly supplied to the occupancy. These systems consist of many wide range types and can be used as outside sprinklers and confined space sprinklers. Some research obtained shows that one type of limited water sprinkler type could be the antifreeze sprinkler system. This type of system is very uncommon and is normally not accepted and used in recent automatic sprinkler systems. In conclusion, there are several types of water sprinklers used in todays management to help increase life safety and decrease property damage.By including detection devices and the correct sprinkler heads, these systems can mean the difference between life and death. The occupancy should have the correct automatic sprinkler system that will properly suppress the material relevant in that occupancy regardless of the type. The preferred automatic sprinkler s ystem should all be able to notify the occupants, reference the correct agency to suppress the fire, sound alarms, supervise fire control, and initiated a wide variety of appurtenant functions involving environmental, utility, and process controls. (IFSTA 559)

Personal Responsibility and College Success Essay Example for Free

Personal Responsibility and College Success EssayWhat is personal responsibility and how does it relate to college succeeder? To me personal responsibility is to be accountable for oneself and the people around you, in most any situation, there is no other person to hold accountable for your life than yourself. Every function we do is a direct reflectance of your personality and the decisions you make. Morals are something you learn from your parents growing up. They teach you to always do the right thing and try not to make bad decisions. As you get older youre going to buy the farm making important decisions that could affect your future. By doing this your growing into a answerable adult. Being personally responsible also means being able to take responsibility for your actions. What I mean by this is if you do something wrong weart point the finger at someone else and say they did it.Be a responsible adult and be accountable for yourself and the things you do. When goi ng to college you need to be accountable for your actions and the responsibility to tip over in your homework, show up to class on time, get good grades, and study for tests. When going to college tell past problems that could set you back and overcome them in the future. In example if your not good at math go to a guard store and buy a math tutor book and read it and it can help you focus on solutions and overcome barriers that you might have.When finding solutions to overcome your barriers dont make excuses and tell yourself you cant do it. Make a system of checks and balances to help quench some stress. So if your studying for a long period of time take a attain and do something else for a while then come back and finish. Never tell yourself you cant do it. By doing this your going to feel better about yourself knowing that you did it and you took your time out of your day and learned something new. When going to college you need to make goals, a goal that is beneficial to y our overall success. Your goal must(prenominal) be attainable, taking into consideration your personal resources and abilities. Be persistent when trying to reach your goals and never bring in up.

Team Ground Rules and Guidelines Essay Example for Free

Team Ground Rules and Guidelines EssayMembers should be on time with assignments and responsibilities agreed to. If they are not going to be on time, post a message ASAP stating late or absent. They should check the Learning Team Forum every twenty-four hours for questions and late/absent notices. Lastly, communicate when you are having trouble or struggling and adopt assistance. Expectations for Time perplexity and Involvement (Participation, communication with the team, accessibility, etc) Communicate, communicate, communicate If you allow be absent or out a bad-tempered day of that week communicate on Monday of each week when you will be out. If a part is struggling or necessitate assistance, ask right away. Always check the learning team A forum everyday to see if there are questions or help needed. I think we need to step-up a team secretaryadmin posting sections, assignments, and updates, etc. If no one volunteers, I will be happy to do it. What to do if a team mem ber cannot be reached or isnt participating to the satisfaction of the team? Again, communication is key. If we do not here from a member by Wednesday 6pm on their contributions each week, we divvy up the sections that need a volunteer. A time line and due dates should be set for each task.If someone has misses a deadline then a message is posted and we finalize the deficient assignment. Also, a message is posted to professor Rita Solomon-Moore, as she should be our corporate boss and he needs to know when a member is slacking so credit is assigned appropriately. Special Considerations What do you, as a team, agree will make this team experience different from past team experiences. I have only been a member of 2 previous teams now which was a horrid experience in the first team because we went from 4 assigned members to two actual participating members and I mat up I pulled most of the weight on the team of 2.So, it was not a team, but just a group of members. The 2nd team was b etter, but didnt follow our charter. I hope that this team builds on the definition of a team a group of people organized to work together. dialogue is key allowing a group of people to work together. So, if there is no communication from a member for 3 consecutive days within the Learning Team A forum, we send a comment to that member. If there is no response for a day, we notify the professor.

Co-education Female Essay Example for Free

Co-education Female EssayThe debatable issue on Co-education is continually progressing by dint of the State and convincing parents and teachers that sex- musical interval allow reveal a sign of im come upment in students lives. In the United States, team flirt is a massive aspect in stacks lives where twain girls and boys work together in order to achieve their goal , however, both articles provide informative proves that co-education could result in failure because of the incompatible stereotypes in society. The debate mainly chargees on the separation of both sexes in civilize since there is no extra cost. The debate likewise catches the readers attention by the different query that many scientists did in order to prove a fair result that will get together the parents and teachers.The separation of sexes in school could result in improvement of education and behavior with boys and girls. Based on Jennifer Medinas article, teachers will face less problems if both s exes are separated since the boys will tend to focus much on learning than on girls, in summation, girls will tend to feel more pleasant participating in class. Co-education will likewise result in good teamwork especially in the foreign community because both girls and boys will learn to communicate.However, from the boys point of view, they will tend to be more comfortable in expressing themselves and learn virtually being a man in their deliver bodies. In addition to those articles, the media will affect the parents and the teachers around the bow because of highly known and educative people in society. For example, Leonard Sax who is a best seller author of Why Gender Matters and Michael Sax argues ab place whizz sex with a huge audience in order to prove their facts about the separation and the importance of it.In contrast, both sex educations could also result in improvement around the state and in schools because boys and girls will learn to communicate together and work hard as one community. In addition, many authors and scientist were seeking for evidence in order to prove that Co-education could be for the good of their community. For example, a research on Bronxs Eagle school stated that both sexes classes tend to have higher analyze scores around the state and tend to receive high percentages in their community. Both sexes will also learn and appreciate that both sexes are important in everyones lives since they communicate and work together outside of the learning community. Researchers also proved that working together as both sexes will also result a sign improvement in teamwork because many girls tend to be left out in single-sex schools in teamwork projects.Comparatively, Co-Education and single education also have their problems in society because of their lack of certain(p) teachings in schools. For example , a study showed that girls tend to be smarter than boys and tend to solve math and scientific discipline faster and more ac curate since there are different brains and each person have a different sign of knowledge and personality. However, since girls are smarter, they tend to ask for more detailed teachings and writing scripts since they will have more things to explain in their writing assignment.When in contrast, boys have to write about a simple sport or a job they seek for in order to prepare them for the future. Although, teachers who encourage single education tend to have other opinions toward their ways of teaching. For example, Mr. Napolitano claims that he is more comfortable in expressing his feelings and thoughts while teaching to single sex classrooms because the boys will tend to have the same situation. In addition he also shows a book called Patrol Boy in order to show boys that having a tattoo is not a material they should use in co-ed class.In conclusion, this debate tends to prove that single education will show more improvements since the media tend to support it and also the teach ers. The reasons that parents should choose single education is because they will improve economically and also their students will face less behavior problems and more school focused. However, co-ed schools tend to have higher scores and will teach the students to work together in order to improve their speech especially outside in society since they will be working together as one team. Both articles prove that both educations will result in bonding together as students and as teachers in this society because at the end of this debate both classrooms will be teaching and learning in the states.

Planning for examinations Essay Example for Free

Planning for examinations EssayI decided not to revise anything for the prove part of the exam account. This was because I felt that I had make enough question for my specialist modules and would be able to recall it when needed. In the weeks leading up to the exam I dog-tired nigh 30 minutes a day going over various chapters in my pack skills folder, and if there was a particular item I had trouble with I would make a nib of it and go over it again the next day. Finding prison term at home to revise was a bit of a problem and I undercoat that the best time was in the evening when the children had at peace(p) to bed.This meant that I was sometimes quite tired when I tried to revise and wasted some sessions plainly because I could not absorb any information. In future I may choose to do my revision somewhere other that at home, for example, the library. This means I will be away from the distractions of children and mobilise calls. I will also give my friends and fam ily a copy of my revision time-table so that they know not to bother me. I felt that we were given enough information in front the exam to know what to deliver though I would have liked to have seen a copy of an old paper and mayhap given the opportunity to have a go at completing one.When we were allowed to look at our paper I read it through erstwhile before answering any questions. Once I had through with(p) this I first answered the questions I did not need to think about too much before going on to the others, and if there were any I did not know so I odd them blank. I then went onto the essay question and decided which to do, though I found making a choice difficult as I did not know how I would get on once I had started. Once I got started on the essay I realised the mistake I had make by not revising my specialist modules. I wanted to be able to include examples, statistics or case studies in my essay by could not remember any.Once I had completed the essay I went back to the questions and any that I did not know the answer to I guessed. I then proof read the whole paper and corrected some errors which I had missed. If I could have done thing differently I would have planned my revision better to stave off distractions. I found that spending 30 minutes a day fork overing to revise while cooking dinner and running around after the children does not work. Before the exam I was not nervous just I think this was to do with the fact I did not have time to think about it too much. I also think that I did not take it as seriously as I should have and therefore did not revise enough.While waiting outside the exam dormitory room I seemed to catch nervousness from other people but cannot see any way to avoid this. During the exam I was to a greater extent nervous than I expected and was really aware of how quickly the time was passing. I wanted to work out how much time I could spend on all(prenominal) section, but this seemed to make me tonicity wo rse as I could not remember how many points would be awarded for each. After the exam I felt a bit disappointed as I feel my lack of revision meant I could not do my best. Dealing with stress during my revision sometimes helped.It do feel more awake sometimes, though this was often short lived and I usually ended up feeling worn out. Stress often meant I could not concentrate properly and I would learn to do too much in one session. In future I will try to avoid the negative affects of stress by taking regular breaks, planning my revision better, finding a better location for my revision, not revising when I am tired and taking revision more seriously. I also think that revision is something that should be a continuous process not only when used just before an exam. Reviewing work monthly or termly is something that I will try in the future.

Venice and Belmont Essay Example for Free

Venice and Belmont EssayComp are and furrow the various worlds and different values of Venice and Belmont as presented in Act 1 of The Merchant of Venice Venice and Belmont are cities of contrast. Using examples of language, style of expression and characters I shall compare and contrast Venice as the centre of trade and riches to the fictional Belmont, a handsomeytale place where slam and ecstasy are the main concerns. I shall also consider the society that is depicted in each spot and look at how this links to views of the sense of hearing two in Shakespeares time and in present day. The hearing is introduced to the world of Venice in the first scene.Venice is concerned almost solely with riches and trade, which mirrors the view the Shakespearean earshot would hurt had of it at the time. The language utilize by Antonio, Salarino and Solanio is dominated with the subject of trade. Your mind is tossing on the oceanic There where your argosies with portly sail The style of language Shakespeare uses varies in the midst of Venice and Belmont. The characters in Venice talk in measure using elaborate conceits to show their intelligence as was fashionable at the time. Even when attempting to cheer Antonio up, Salarino uses this as a chance to show off his wit and intelligence.This compares to the simpler but still humorous language used by the women in Belmont and suggest that perhaps it is not possible to be as open in Venice as in Belmont. I will do anything, Nerissa, ere I will be married to a sponge The merchants are much than concerned with appearing successful then discussing their real feelings. A different interpretation of this is that as the first scene contains only men they are attempting to show off, as foreign to the women in Belmont who are happier to talk openly together. With speech full of references to business, Salarino and Solanio convey worry and anxiety towards Antonios ventures.This idiomes the feature that the main concerns of Venice are financial. My wind cooling my broth Would blow me to an ague when I thought What damage a wind too great might do at sea This preoccupation with wealth and trade is further established when the issue of Antonios sadness is discussed. The first intellectual for his melancholy that is immediately given, is the inclination that he is concerned about his merchandise being lost at sea. Believe me sir, had I much(prenominal) ventures forth The better part of my affection would Be with my hopes abroad It is only after Antonio dismisses this as the reason for his sadness that the estimation of spang is put forward.This contrasts greatly with Belmont where Portias sadness is immediately explained as being batch to the fact she cannot choose her husband. Is it not hard, Nerissa, that I cannot choose one, nor refuse none? The main concern of Belmont is right away established as not the qualms of merchants but of a fathers love for his daughter. Love is the g al l overning factor in Belmont and dominates the conversation mingled with Portia and Nerissa. But what warmth is in that respect in your affection towards any of these princely suitors This emphasis on love rather than riches contrasts with the leading concern of Venice.Even when Bassanio and Antonio are discussing Portia as a potential wife they do so in terms of wealth. The first words that Bassanio uses to describe Portia are a lady richly left. He describes her worth in terms of merchandise, referring to her as the golden fleece, a risky venture but one that if he succeeds, will make him very wealthy. This attitude of love being reliant on wealth is mirrored in the loan that Antonio gives to Bassanio. In Venice it is only through with(predicate) lending him money that Antonio can express his depth of friendship with Bassanio while in Belmont love is discussed openly.A rather unpleasant comparison between Venice and Belmont is the racism apparent in both societies. The scene be tween Antonio and Shylock demonstrates the prejudice against Jews in the 16th carbon. You call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog, And spit upon my Jewish gaberdine This prejudice towards others of a different culture is continued in Belmont. Portia dismisses the Prince of Morocco before even meeting him saying she would never conjoin him if his skin were black. If he have the condition of a saint, and the complexion of a devil, I had rather he should shrive me than wive me. The idea of risk plays an important role in both Venice and Belmont but there are differences between them which mirrors the attitudes of the two societies. In Venice the ventures that are do in Act 1 both concern money. The first deals with the risk Antonio has taken by tying up so mush of his wealth on merchandise at sea. The second risk that is taken in Venice is born of hatred and greed, when Shylocks abhor of Antonio leads him to make the bond of flesh Let the forfeit Be nominated for an equal pound Of your fair flesh, This differs from the enclose test that suitors must take in order to marry Portia.Although it deals with a great risk, on choosing the wrong casket the man may never marry, being set in Belmont the venture deals with love rather than money. Despite this, money is still a factor as the test deals with the worth of Portia over the value of the casket. The distinctions between Venice and Belmont may have been viewed differently in Shakespearean times from present day. The casket test was a common myth in Shakespeares time and his linking this folk tale to Belmont emphasise it as a fictional, fairytale location detached from the rest of the world.A Shakespearean audience would have made this link but in the 20th Century this idea may not be understood. The idea of marrying for money rather than love as Bassanio intends to do in scene 1 would have been well-known(prenominal) concept in the 16th Century. Today this would probably looked upon with disapproval. This is also true of the treatment of Shylock in the play. Present day audiences would probably view this very much as an anti-Semitic play because they have been influenced by changing attitudes to religion and by the plays use as a propaganda tool in the molybdenum World War. Mark you this, Bassanio.The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose A Shakespearean audience would have found this treatment of Jews as customary and would have been much more aware of the underlying theme of the play being love versus greed rather than just a display of anti-Semitism. The differences between the world of the Venice and Belmont are subtle but numerous. Through Shakespeares use of language and characters Venice is quickly established as the seat of the wealthy trading world. Belmont is seen much more as a fictional location more concerned with love and happiness then ships and trade.The varying styles in which Shakespeare writes emphasises these differences. The context in which the play is performed ha s greatly changed since the 16th Century. A present day audience would view this s a much more anti-Semitic play then a Shakespearean audience would have done. Likewise 16th Century spectators would have been much more aware of the differences between the two locations. Attitudes continue to change and Shakespeares plays continue to be performed. Undoubtedly interpretations and attitudes towards this play will continue to evolve.

The garden is an artistic recreation of nature Essay Example for Free

The garden is an artistic recreation of nature EssayThere is a truism which goes, the garden is an artistic recreation of nature a landscape painting in three dimensions. Gardens be considered as a serious art form that aims to create a balance, harmony, proportion and variety. It is distinctive by its symmetrical and controlled characteristics with the landscape beyond it considered as hazardous and hostile. As the 18th century, however, emerged, this sensible horizon was changed as tillage turned towards its more natural mode of planting. Natural gardens were original expressed by writers before it was try by garden designers. In Kirk Johnsons article entitled face Landscape Gardens he verbalize that this is not surprising since literature was more important in English culture than the visual arts. The turn up of Sir William Temple entitled Upon the Gardens of Epicurus, which was written in 1685 and first published in 1692, praised what the author imagined as the Chi nese Manner of garden style. This essay did not really caused the Europeans to imitate Chinese gardens but it helped them to open their minds to the opening night of creating gardens that differs from the formal tradition (Johnson, 1999).The Chinese imperial garden is basically built in two kinds of styles first is a large park that is usually with a lake and islands and the second, a small park which is more interior(a) because buildings are placed much closer with each other. These gardens are made to handed-downly intend to record the natural landscape of mountains and rivers. Viewed from within the garden, the Chinese design gardens as settings for everyday life. In these gardens, plants are case-hardened in a naturalistic way and often included a water feature.One of the celebrated traditional Chinese imperial gardens is the Qianlong Garden situated at the Palace of Peace and Longevity in the Eastern section of the Former Imperial Palace which was constructed in the late 18th century in China during the reign of Emperor Qianlong What made this garden unique from other Chinese garden is that condescension its limited space all the man-made sceneries built, played a role in beautifying the garden frankincense creating a harmonious whole. This garden features the famous Chinese rock formations which is the main feature that the Chinese was cognize for.This naturalistic view was the way that the Chinese depict their garden. Buildings where placed in this garden but out-of-pocket to the fact that there was a limited space of the building, the Chinese landscape designers worked on it in a more compact manner as it would not obliterate the naturalistic view of the landscape. The Kinning Lake which is almost three-quarters of the entire landscape forms part of the entire area of the Qianlong garden. This serpentine lake was transformed and beautified to depict the natural view and natural landscape that the Chinese landscape architects are known for.The English got their ideas of Chinese gardens essentially from the patterns on imported porcelain, lacquer work and silk where they got glimpses of gardens laid out without order or disposition. With these porcelains and other products, the inspiration and ideas was thus set leading the new landscape architects to form works similar to the Chinese. The new style of tend within the English landscape, pi whizered by designers like William Kent, Lancelot (Capability) Brown and Humphrey Repton, swept away almost all the remnants of former formally patterned styles.Looking at the masterpieces of these famous landscape designers, it is undeniable that the Chinese regularise in gardening made its way to England during this period. One of the famous 18th century landscape garden created by Lancelot Brown is the Stowe Landscape Garden, where he had been the head gardener for ten years. This garden evolved from the traditional Baroque style to that which features the famous serpentine styl e of Brown. Similar to the Qianlong Garden of China where rocks are piled into hills and winding paths form a maze, Brown recreated a Grecian Valley that is an abstract composition of landform and woodland.This was an unusual composition as compared to the traditional English style that is based on symmetry and proportion. When Brown incorporated the maze form or winding paths, the traditional English style of gardens was revolutionized. The use of buildings in landscapes was the most seen run by the Chinese. Since the English got their ideas merely on pictures rather than actual observations of Chinese gardens and the lack of detailed information, these garden buildings were quite misconstrue in Europe and tended to be over powering.The Chinese merely used garden buildings within comparatively confined areas combining practicality with aesthetics. As buildings were added in the garden setting, some of the pleasing features of the Chinese architecture such(prenominal) as the parsol s, pavilions, and bridges were adopted and mixed with the native English work. The Chinese parasols were also in fashion, these are small temples found mixed within the gardens. Later on, there were bridges that were constructed, since most Chinese influence includes small rivers, as they would depict a natural look, bridges were constructed as part of the general garden design.The Stowe Garden with its winding lake similar to the Qianlong Garden also has a bridge nestled in it as against the more traditional symmetry and with only fountains to incorporate water. Another Chinese influence to English garden is the use of Chinese ornamental details. These parsols or mini temples are incorporated on the serpentine lake which curiously depicts the Chinese influence. The more traditional style was then only benches and chairs, which is more likely symmetrical as against the naturalistic way because these mini temples serves as a place of relaxation since they are found come up the lake .These are some of the things that the Chinese influenced the English gardens however, they still do not fully depict the Chinese style but merely form part of the grand design. These ornamental details served to remind Europeans of the eighteenth century of the wondrous land of the East that during that time it was almost impossible to find any one of the larger European gardens that had not at least one Chinese pavilion. Chinese influence may be visible, but the main inspiration of these gardens came from old European paintings (Johnson, 1999).Be that as it may, there are still things that are incorporated in the English design that mainly depict the Chinese influence as part of the general inspiration.WORKS CITEDGothien, Marie Louise. The English Landscape Garden Chinese influence on English gardens. History of Garden Art. 1928. Johnson, Kirk. English Landscape Gardens. 9 July 1999. Retrieved from http//www. suite101. com/article. cfm/garden_design/21925/3 Shouyi, Chen. The Chin ese Garden in Eighteenth Century England. Tien Hsia Monthly 2 (1936) 321-339. China Love and Loathing Acquisition of Stuff Devaluation of Culture. knead of the Chinese